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214 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abdominal pain, ascitis, hepatomegaly
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Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
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Achilles tendon xanthoma
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Familial hypercholesterolemia (decrease LDL receptor signaling)
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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension DIC
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
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Athlete w/ polycythemia
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EPO injection (doping)
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Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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Pott's disease (vertebral TB)
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)
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Bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line (lead poisoning)
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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
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Paget's disease of the bone (increase osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity
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Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
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Aortic Regurgitation
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"Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud's phenomenon in a young female
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SLE
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Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
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Neurofibromatosis Type I (+pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
Neurofibromatosis Type II (+bilateral acoustic neuromas) |
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Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
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McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
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"Cherry-red spot" on macula
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Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
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Chest pain on exertion
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Angina (stable: moderate exertion; unstable: minimal exertion)
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Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
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Child uses arms to stand up from squat
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Gower's sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
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Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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"slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
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Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
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Huntington's disease (AD CAG repeat expansion)
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Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
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McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
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Cold intolerance
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hypothyroidism
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to the MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])
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Continuous "machinery" heart murmur
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PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
PGs keep it open |
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
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Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Grave's disease [periorbital])
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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated w/ HHV-8)
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Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Kussmaul breathing (DKA)
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra (niacin [vitB3] deficiency)
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
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Wet beriberi (thiamine[VitB1] deficiency)
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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Pastuerella multicodia (cellulitis at inoculation site)
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
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Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemai
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal SCC)
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Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
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Ehler-Danlos syndrome (Type III collagen defect)
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Enlarged, hard left Supraclavicular node
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Virchow's node (abdominal mets)
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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
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Fat femal forty and fertile
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Acute cholelithiasis (bile duct blockage)
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Fever, chills headache, myalgia following antibiotic tx for syphilis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
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Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
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Measles (morbillivirus)
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B sx (lymphoma)
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Fibrous plauqes in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
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Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
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Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
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Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
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Hamartomamtous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cuase bowel obstruction; Increased cancer risk
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Heptaosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic sx
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Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport syndrome (mutation in alpha chain of collagen IV)
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Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTS and vasculitis)
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trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
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Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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Kluver-bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
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Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, positive Babinski sign
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UMN damage
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HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
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Conn's syndrome
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Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy
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LMN damage
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Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
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"Blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
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Indurated, ulcertaed genital lesion
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Nonpainful chancer (primary syph, Treponema pallidum) Painful w/ exudate: chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)
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Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
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Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
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Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
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Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)
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Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
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SCC
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Large rash with bull's-eye apperance
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Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
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Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
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Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
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Male, child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
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Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
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Multipel colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted supernumerary teeth
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Gardener's syndrome (subtype of FAP)
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Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
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Pompe's disease (lysosomal a-1,4-glucosidase deficiency
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing GN
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Wegener's (c-ANCA +) and Goodpasture's syndromes (anti-GBM Abs)
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Neonate w/ arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior drunk C5-C6 brachial plexus injury: waiter's tip)
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome (pitutiary infarction)
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
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MS
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increase ICP)
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Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemai
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cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by mycoplamsa pneumoniae, infections mononucleosis)
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Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
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Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremitis)
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painful, raised red lesions on palsma nd soles
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Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
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Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
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Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abd pain (child)
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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MEN 1 (AD)
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Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventialtion
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"pink puffer" (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [a1-antitrypsin deficiency])
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Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's sydnrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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Positive anterior "drawer sign"
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ACL injury
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
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Pupil accomodates but doesnt react
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Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis) "prostitute pupil"
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/URI)
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Guillain-Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinated polyneuropathy)
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Rash on palms and soles
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Coxsackie A, secondary syph, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
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Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic pt
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
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Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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RCC (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppresor gene mutation)
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resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinsons' disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
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retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Rtoh spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
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Short stature, increase incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA cross link repair; often progresses to AML)
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Single palm crease
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Simian crease (Down syndrome)
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Pectus inversus, sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertitly
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Kartagener's syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
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Skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency causes increased ACTH and a-MSH production)
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Slow progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker's muscular dystrophy (x-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than duchenne's)
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Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa w/ blue-white centers
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Kopik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
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smooth, falt, moist white lesions on genitals
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condylomata lata (2 syph)
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splinter hemorrhages in fingernaisl
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bacterial endocarditis
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"strawberry tongue"
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Scarlet fever, kawaski disease, toxic shock syndrome
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth
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Turner syndrome (45XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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scurvy (vitC deficiency: cant hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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AS
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thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
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MEN 2A (AD ret mutation)
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Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
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MEN 2B (AD ret mutation)
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Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
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Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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reactive arthritis a/w HLA-B27
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Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
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Hemangioma (benign, but a/w Sturge-Weber syndrome) Won't regress
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Vomiting blood following esophagagastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic pts)
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"waxy" casts with very low urine flow
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chronic ESRD
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopahty
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Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
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"worse headache of my life"
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Anticentromere Abs
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Scleroderma CREST
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) Abs
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Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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Anti-GBM Abs
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Goodpasture's syndrome (GN and hemoptosis)
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Antihistone Abs
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Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazide, phenytoin, procainamide, + Sulfonamides)
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Anti-IgG Abs
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RA (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
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Antimitochondrial Abs (AMAs)
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1deg biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiits, Churg-Strauss syndrome)
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Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Antiplatelet Abs
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
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Anti-topoisomerase Abs
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Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
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Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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"Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray
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Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
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Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blast
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Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
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Bacitracin response
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
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"Bamboo spine" on xray
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Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
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Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
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Howell-Jolly Bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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"Boot-shaped" heart on XRAY
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RVH, Tetralogy of Fallot
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Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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"Brown" tumor of bone
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Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. DUe to:
1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica |
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Cardiomegaly w/ atypical atrophy
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Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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Chocolate cyst of ovary
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer Wright rosettes (adrenal neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, Ewing Sarcoma?, retinoblastoma?)
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Colonies of mucoid Psuedomonas in lungs
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cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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Decreased a-fetoprotein in amnitoic fluid/maternal serum
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Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis (3 syph)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder; rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Esquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPT: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
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"Owls eye" appearance of CMV
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
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"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
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Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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Senile plaques (Alzheimer's)
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Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions "owl's eyes"
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Reed sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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"Hair-on-end" (crew cut) appearance on xray
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B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
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hCG elevated
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Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and w/o embryo)
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Heart nodules (granulomatous)
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Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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Heterophile Abs
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Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
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Bronchial asthma (Charco-leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
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High level of D-dimers
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DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
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Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous esion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
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Ghon complex (primary TB, mycobacterium bacilli)
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Honeycomb lung on CXR
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Interstitial fibrosis
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Hypersegemented Neutrophils
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Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic sx; folate deficiency: no neurologic sx)
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Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
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Increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Dating error, anencephaloy, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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increased uric acid levels
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gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
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Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
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Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum
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Ferruginous bodies (Asbestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)
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Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
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Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
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Lead pipe appearance of colon on xray
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Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
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Linear appearance of glomeruli on IF
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Goodpasture's
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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Lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and G3b)
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Lytic "hole punched" bone lesions on xray
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Multiple Myeloma
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Mammary gland (blue domed) cyst
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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1. MM (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
2. Monocolonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobinemia 4. Primary amyloidosis |
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Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
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Bence Jones proteins (MM [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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Mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
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Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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"string sign" (chrohn's disease)
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Needle shaped, negatively birefringenet crystals
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Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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Novobiocin response
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Sensitive: Staph epidermidis
Resistant: Staph saprophyticus |
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Nutmeg appearance of liver
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Chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF
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Onion skin periosteal reaction
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)
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Optochin response
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Sensitive: Strep pneumo
Resistance: Viridans strep |
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
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Codmans' triangle on Xray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion on EM
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Minimal change disease (child w/ nephrotic syndrome)
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Polished "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
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Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
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Glioblastoma multiforme
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Retangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
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Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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Rhomboid cyrstals, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
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Rib notching
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Coarcation of the aorta (secondary to collaterals)
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Ring-enchancing lesion in AIDs
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (starry sky appearance on histology)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, a/w EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
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Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies (Pick's disease; progressive dementia, changes in personality)
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"soap bubble" in femur or tibia on xray
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Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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"spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
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Membranous GN (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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Stacks of red blood cells
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Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
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Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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"Clue cells" (Gardenerella vaginalis)
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"tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organells (EM) in Langerhans cells
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Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: esinophilic granuloma)
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Thrombi made of white/red layers
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Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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Thumb sign on lateral xray
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Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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"Tram-track" apperance on LM
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Membranoproliferative GN
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Triglyceride accumulates in liver cell vacuoles
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Fatty liver disease (alcoholic and metabolic syndrome)
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WBCs that look "smudges"
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CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
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Wire loop glomerular appearance on LM
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Lupus nephropathy
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Yellow CSF
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Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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