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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is plasma osmolarity?
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# of solutes in plasma
2Na + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8 = 290 |
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What is the tilt test?
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Sitting up from supine
drop in BP = positive test |
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Starling pressures are dependent on what?
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1. plasma hydrostatic
2. plasma oncotic (albumin) |
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Signs of volume depletion
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dry mucous membranes
decrease skin turgor + tilt test |
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Isotonic fluid disorders
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Adult diarrhea
whole blood loss |
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Hypertonic loss of Na conditions
ECF contracts/ICF expands |
Loop diuretics (renal)
Addison's disease 21-hydroxylase deficiency |
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Gain of water conditions
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SIADH
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What causes central pontine myelinolysis?
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rapid intravenous fluid correction in hypoNa of alcoholic
give slow over 24 hrs |
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Pitting edema states
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decreased CO (Rt. HF)
Renal retention of Na cirrhosis nephrotic syndrome fluid overload |
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Hypotonic loss of Na conditions
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Osmotic diuresis
sweating infant diarrhea |
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Role of K+
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neuromuscular excitability regulation
insulin secretion regulation |
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Causes of hypokalemia
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decreased intake
transcell shift GI loss (diarr, vomit, laxatives) Renal loss (loops, osmotic) |
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Causes of hyperkalemia
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tissue breakdown (rhabdo)
transcell shift decreased renal excretion (RF) |
