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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a hormone? |
A chemical messenger |
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What is the role of the endocrine system? |
To coordinate and internal body functions. |
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Where do the glands of the endocrine system release hormones to? |
Directly into the bloodstream. |
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What are stimulated by hormones? |
Receptors on the target organ. |
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Identify the organs of the endocrine system |
1. The hypothalamus 2. The pituitary gland 3. The thyroid gland 4. The pancreas 5. The adrenal glands 6. The ovaries 7. The testes |
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How does the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland? |
By secreting substances known as releasing factors which can stimulate other glands to secrete hormones and inhibit the secretion of others. |
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What are the 3 parts of the pituitary gland? |
1. The anterior pituitary 2. The intermediate love 3. The posterior pituitary |
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Identify the 6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary |
1. Growth hormone 2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 3. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 4. Luteinising hormone (LH) 5. Thyroid stimulating hormone 6. Prolactin |
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What is the function of growth hormone? |
It controls the growth of bone, muscle and soft tissue. |
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What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)? |
To stimulate the release of cortisol. |
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What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)? |
It stimulates the release of ova or sperm. |
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What is the function of luteinising hormone (LH)? |
It causes ovulation in the ovary and the secretion of testosterone in the testes. |
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What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone? |
It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine. |
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What is the function of prolactin? |
It stimulates the production of breast milk after child birth. |
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Which hormone is produced by the intermediate love of the pituitary gland? |
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) |
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What does melanocyte stimulating hormone control? |
The darkening of the skin. |
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Which 2 hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary? |
1. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) 2. Oxytocin |
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What is the function of anti-diuretic hormone? |
It causes water reabsorption in the kidneys as part of controlling fluid balance. |
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What is the function of oxytocin? |
It causes the contraction of the muscles of the uterus during childbirth. |
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Where is the thyroid gland located? |
In the neck. |
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What is embedded within the thyroid gland? |
The parathyroid glands. |
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What is the main hormone secreted by the thyroid gland? |
Thyroxine |
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The hormone thyroxine helps control what 3 things? |
1. Growth 2. Development 3. Metabolic rate |
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What do the parathyroid glands secrete? |
Parathyrin |
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What does parathyrin regulate? |
Blood and tissue calcium levels. |
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Which 2 hormones are secreted by the pancreas? |
1. Insulin 2. Glucagon |
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Insulin and glucagon are used to control what? |
Blood sugar levels. |
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How does insulin reduce blood sugar levels? |
By increasing the passage of glucose molecules from the blood into body cells by active absorption. |
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How does glucagon increase blood sugar levels? |
It converts glycogen, stored in the liver, back into glucose. The liver then releases the glucose back into the bloodstream. |
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Where are the adrenal glands located? |
On the top of the kidneys. |
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What are the 2 parts of an adrenal gland? |
1. The adrenal medulla 2. The adrenal cortex |
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Which hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex? |
1. Aldosterone 2. Cortisol 3. Oestrogen 4. Androgens |
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What are the functions of aldosterone? |
1. Helps control blood pressure by causing the reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys. 2. It plays a role in maintaining blood chemicals. |
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What are the functions of cortisol? |
1. Helps regulate metabolism 2. Helps regulate the immune response 3. Helps the body respond to stress |
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Which 2 hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla? |
1. Adrenaline 2. Noradrenaline |
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What does noradrenaline promote? |
Vasoconstriction |
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What are some of the effects of adrenaline? |
It controls the fight or flight response. Boosts the action of the sympathetic nervous system. Causes vasodilation, increases blood flow to the muscles and increases the output of the heart. Causes pupil dilation, heightens the senses and reduced pain sensations. Expands air the passages. Increases blood sugar levels and reaction time. |
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Which 2 hormones are secreted by the ovaries? |
1. Oestrogen 2. Progesterone |
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What is the effect of oestrogen? |
1. Causes secondary sexual characteristics to appear. 2. Thickness the lining of the uterus. |
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What is the effect of progesterone? |
Makes the lining of the uterus ready for a fertilised egg to become embedded in it. |
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What hormone is produced by the testes that is responsible for male secondary sexual features such as facial and body hair? |
Testosterone |
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What is the cause of Type 1 Diabetes? |
A fault in body's immune system in which the immune system destroys the beta cells of the pancreas. |
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What are the causes of Type 2 Diabetes? |
1. Insulin resistance 2. A reduction in insulin production by the pancreas |
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What are the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus? |
Sight blurring Weight loss Energy loss Excessive urination Thirst Susceptibility to infection |
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What are the symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus? |
1. Thirst 2. Excessive urination |
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What is the cause of Diabetes Insipidus? |
A lack of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) |
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What happens to the level of the hormone thyroxine in hypothyroidism? |
In hypothyroidism the levels of thyroxine are too low. |
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What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism? |
1. Inability to tolerate cold 2. Tiredness 3. Depression 4. Weight gain |
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What is the treatment for hypothyroidism? |
Taking thyroxine tablets daily. |
