Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 4 functions of the Cardiovascular System? |
1. Transport of materials to and from cells 2. Distribution of heat around the body 3. Assisting in temperature regulation 4. Defence of the body |
|
|
What materials does the system transport? |
1. Oxygen 2. Nutrients 3. Carbon Dioxide 4. Wastes |
|
|
How does the system distribute heat around the body? |
Warmed blood takes heat from the core to the extremities |
|
|
How do the blood vessels in the skin assist with temperature regulation? |
Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction |
|
|
Which cells in the blood stream help defend the body? |
White blood cells |
|
|
What is the heart mostly made of? |
Cardiac muscle tissue |
|
|
How many chambers does the heart have? |
4 |
|
|
What are the 2 small upper chambers called? |
The right atrium and the left atrium |
|
|
What are the 2 large lower chambers called? |
The right ventricle and the left ventricle |
|
|
What kind of blood does the right side of the heart pump? |
Deoxygenated blood |
|
|
What kind of blood does the left side of the heart pump? |
Oxygenated blood |
|
|
What 2 blood vessels bring deoxygenated blood into the right atrium? |
The Superior Vena Cava and the Inferior Vena Cava |
|
|
Which blood vessel transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? |
The Pulmonary Artery |
|
|
Which blood vessel transports oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium? |
The Pulmonary Vein |
|
|
Which blood vessel transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body? |
The Aorta |
|
|
What are the valves between the atria and ventricles called? |
1. The right atrioventricular valve (the tricuspid valve) 2. The left atrioventricular valve (the mitral valve) |
|
|
What are the valves called at the entrances of the vessels that leave the heart called? |
The semi-lunar valves (also known as the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve) |
|
|
What is the cardiac cycle? |
The events that take place in one heart beat |
|
|
What is the average resting heart rate? |
70 beats per minute |
|
|
At the start of the cardiac cycle both atria contract. What is known as? |
Atrial systole |
|
|
Next in the cardiac cycle, both ventricles contract. What is this known as? |
Ventricular systole |
|
|
At the end of the cardiac cycle, there is a short period where all 4 chambers are relaxed. What is this known as? |
Diastole |
|
|
What causes the heart beat faster, the sympathetic nervous system or the parasympathetic nervous system? |
The sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
What causes the heart to beat slower, the sympathetic nervous system or the parasympathetic nervous system? |
The parasympathetic nervous system |
|
|
What is the name of the control centre in the brain that controls heart rate? |
The cardiovascular centre |
|
|
What is the name of the node that causes the heart to beat? |
The sino-atrial node (SA Node) |
|
|
Where is the SA Node located? |
The upper part of the wall of the right atrium |
|
|
What is the name of the node that slows the electrical current before it passes to the ventricles? |
The atrioventricular node (AV Node) |
|
|
What are the fibres called that transmit the electrical current to the ventricles called? |
The Purkinje fibres |
|
|
What is stroke volume? |
Stroke volume is the quantity of blood expelled from the left ventricle in one contraction |
|
|
What is cardiac output? |
Cardiac output is the quantity of blood expelled from the heart in one minute |
|
|
How do you calculate cardiac output? |
To calculate cardiac output, you need to multiply heart rate by stroke volume |
|
|
What is heart rate? |
Heat rate is the number of heat beats in one minute |
|
|
What are the 3 types of blood vessel? |
1. Arteries 2. Capillaries 3. Veins |
|
|
Do arteries carry blood away from the heart or into the heart? |
Away from the heart |
|
|
What is the largest artery called? |
The aorta |
|
|
What are small arteries known as? |
Arterioles |
|
|
What are the walls of the capillaries made of? |
A single layer of epithelial cells |
|
|
What are the 2 roles of the capillaries? |
1. Deliver protein-free plasma filtrate with high oxygen content to cells 2. Collect respiratory waste products from cells |
|
|
Do veins carry blood into the heart or away from the heart? |
Into the heart |
|
|
What are the 2 largest veins called? |
1. The Superior Vena Cava 2. The Inferior Vena Cava |
|
|
What are small veins known as? |
Venules |
|
|
What is blood pressure? |
Blood pressure is the force blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels it is passing through |
|
|
Which piece of equipment is needed to measure blood pressure? |
A sphygmomanometer |
|
|
What is systolic blood pressure? |
The pressure of the blood when the ventricles are contacting |
|
|
What is diastolic blood pressure? |
The blood pressure when the ventricles are relaxed |
|
|
What are the units of blood pressure measurement? |
Millimetres of mercury (mm Hg) |
|
|
What is the standard blood pressure for a young, healthy adult? |
120/80 mm Hg |
|
|
What is the name of the iron containing protein molecules in red blood cells that allow them to transport oxygen? |
Haemoglobin |
|
|
What does haemoglobin transform into when it bonds with oxygen? |
Oxyhaemoglobin |
|
|
What is haemoglobin called when it has released its' oxygen? |
Reduced haemoglobin |
|
|
When does haemoglobin combine with oxygen? |
In an environment containing a high concentration of oxygen |
|
|
When does haemoglobin release its oxygen? |
In an environment containing a low concentration of oxygen. |
|
|
What is the pulmonary circulation? |
The circulation to and from the lungs |
|
|
What is the systemic circulation? |
The circulation to and from the body |
|
|
What type of blood is transported in the pulmonary artery? |
Deoxygenated blood |
|
|
What type of blood is transported in the arteries of the systemic circulation? |
Oxygenated blood |
|
|
What type of blood is transported by the pulmonary vein? |
Oxygenated blood |
|
|
What type of blood is transported by the veins of the systemic circulation? |
Deoxygenated blood |
|
|
What coronary heart disease caused by? |
Narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart (the coronary arteries) |
|
|
What is the chest pain called, that someone with coronary heart disease experiences, when they exert themselves? |
Angina pains |
|
|
What is the name for the fatty plaques that narrow the arteries? |
Atheroma |
|
|
What is the cause of a heart attack? |
A blockage of a coronary artery by a thrombosis (blood clot) |
|
|
What is another name for a stroke? |
Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) |
|
|
What are the 2 types of stroke? |
1. An ischaemic stroke (caused by a blood clot) 2. A haemorrhagic stroke (caused by a bleed) |
|
|
What are some of the effects of a stroke? |
1. Paralysis on one side of the body 2. Confusion 3. Difficulty speaking or understanding what others are saying 4. Problems with balance and coordination 5. Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) |
|
|
What are the symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia? |
1. Tiredness 2. Breathlessness 3. Pallor (unhealthy pale appearance) |
|
|
What is hypertension? |
A raised blood pressure over a long period of time |
|
|
What increases the risk of getting high blood pressure? |
1. Being overweight 2. Eating too much salt 3. Not exercising 4. Drinking too much alcohol or caffeinated drinks 5. Smoking 6. Having diabetes |
|
|
What are the long term effects of high blood pressure? |
1. Increased risk of hear attack 2. Increased risk of heart failure 3. Increased risk of stroke 4. Increased risk of vascular dementia 5. Increased risk of kidney disease 6. Increased risk of visual impairment |
