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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Orange-yellow tonsils, low serum total cholesterol, family history premature coronary artery disease, neuropathy, hand muscle wasting
What disease? Which receptor is defective? |
Tangier disease
Lack cholesterol receptor ABCA1 (can't get rid of cholesterol by reverse cholesterol transport onto HDL) Very low HDL, lipid laden macrophages (tonsils, big lymph nodes, big liver) |
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Pt. w/small cell lung cancer presents with confusion, weight gain, fatigue, muscle weakness, hyponatremia.
What is being ectopically secreted? |
ADH (SIADH)
(Bronchogenic carcinomas can secrete ectopic ADH) |
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Infection causing glassy intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions
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Herpes simplex virus
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What genes are associated with the MEN syndromes? How are they inherited?
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All autosomal dominant
MEN1: MEN1 (tumor suppressor gene) codes for menin (inherit one bad copy, later mutate the other; 2-hit) MEN 2a/2b: mutated ret oncogene |
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Leukemia associated with DIC
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AML-M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia)
(lysis of cells release Auer rods which can cause DIC) |
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The absence of which enzyme allows the zona glomerulosa to make aldosterone?
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17-alpha hydroylase (zona fasciculata and reticularis need this enzyme)
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A high fat diet can cause insulin resistance. This leads to high glucose and hyperinsulinemia.
What are the long term effects? What disease does this occur in? |
Insulin producing beta cells "tire" and less insulin is made.
Type 2 DM |
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HLA-D3/HLA-D4 genotype increases risk for ____.
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Type 1 DM
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Where is most likely place in mouth for squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with history of tobacco and alcohol use?
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Floor of mouth (base of tongue is least likely)
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A woman develops Sheehan syndrome. Which 2 hormones must be replaced immediately?
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Glucocorticoids and thyroid hormone
(this is an infarct of anterior pituitary related to obstetric hemorrhage; can replace other hormones but these 2 are critical for survival) |
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How does acute and chronic Mg deficiency affect Ca?
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Acute: increases PTH; hypercalcemia
Chronic: decrease PTH action and secretion; hypocalcemia (often from malnutrition due to chronic alcoholism) |
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Hypocalcemia symptoms
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Prolonged QT interval
Tremors, muscle fasciculations, seizure Trousseau's sign (BP cuff >2 min causes carpal spasm) Chvostek's sign (tap over facial nerve=spasm) Paresthesias (lips, fingers, toes) |
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Anti-mitochondrial antibodies, pruritis, pale stools
What disease? What if left untreated for many years? |
Primary biliary cirrhosis (autoimmune dz. with sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiolitis)
Advanced disease leads to hypercholesterolemina/xanthomas |
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Synthesizes estradiol from testosterone
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Aromatase
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Which 3 secretagogues directly increase H+ secretion from parietal cells?
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Gastrin, histamine, acetylcholine
(multiplicative effect; decreasing secretion of one decreases effectiveness of others. I.e. give atropine to inhibit Ach specifically also decreases effects of gastrin and histamine) |
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How does H. pylori survive in acidic enviroments?
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Makes urease (detected on breath test). Urease makes ammonia to neutralize H+ in stomach.
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Why might a child with sickle cell anemia have short fingers?
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Past crises damage bone growth
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What is good diet for pt. in renal failure?
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Low protein
High carb, moderate fat Low Na, low phosphorous Limit fluids |
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Renal biopsy shows nest cells with abundant clear cytoplasm
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Renal cell carcinoma
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What types of clots do not have lines of Zahn (homogenous in color)?
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Post mortem clot
(Premortem thrombi and emboli will have lines of Zahn, dark cell-rich layers, alternating with lighter layers of platelets and fibrin) |
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What would LH and testosterone levels be like in a phenotypic female, 46XY, with androgen insensitivity before removal of testes?
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Both high
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Pregnant woman has emergency C-section due to placetal abruption. Soon after develops cyanosis, SOB, and copious bleeding from wounds.
What bleeding disorder present and what factor is responsible? |
DIC (placental abruption)
DIC develops when blood is exposed to massive amounts of tissue factor in short time |
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40 year woman with FH of kidney failure is found to have multiple renal cysts bilaterally
What disease and what else is she at risk for? |
Adult polycystic kidney disease (AD)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (APKD associated with berry aneurysms in circle of Willis) |
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Hypothyroidism + enlarged thyroid; biopsy shows lymphocytic/plasma cell infiltration with lymphoid follicles and germinal centers
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Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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What increases risk of thyroid lymphoma?
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Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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Yellow-brown hexagonal crystals in urine, staghorn calculi in renal pelvises, + nitroprusside cyanide test
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Cysteinuria (AR defect of resorption of cysteine in renal tubules)
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Treat cysteinuria?
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Alkalinize urine (makes cysteine more soluble)
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Argyll Robertson pupil
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Pupil accomodates to near vision but won't constrict to light shined in either eye.
Lesion to Edinger-Westfall nucleus (neurosyphilis) |
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What would an eye look like if CN3 was lesioned?
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"Down and out" and dialated pupils
(Superior oblique is for downward movement, lateral rectus moves it laterally |
