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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 main responses of bone to injury?
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lysis: bone loss (↑ radiolucency)
sclerosis: bone formation (↑ radiopacity) |
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What characteristics are used to assess agressivness of bone lesions?
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is there cortical destruction?
is there an active periosteal rxn? -active = irregularity of margin what is characteristic of transition zone (border b’twn normal & abnormal bone)? |
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What are the top 2 ddx for aggressive bone lesions?
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cancer
infection |
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What are some patterns of bone lysis seen radiographically?
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geographic: well contained, non-aggressive
moth eaten or permeative: less contained, more aggressive |
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After categorizing a bone lesion as aggressive or non-aggressive what is the next step?
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aggressive lesions: DON’T WAIT!
-thoracic rads: tumor hunt -aspirate or bx (preferred) non-aggressive lesions: can wait more safely depending on circumstances, but waiting can still be risky |
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What are the radiographic signs of DJD in order of radiographic appearance?
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joint effusion
joint narrowing (rarely diagnosed) subchondral sclerosis osteophytes & enthesophytes subchondral cysts osteochondral fragments |
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What is the difference b'twn an osteophyte & an enthesophyte?
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osteophyte: ossification of margin of articular cartilage in response to joint laxity
enthesophyte: periosteal new bone at tendon or ligament attachment site |
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What joint can be used to assess for joint effusion?
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stifle
based on displacement of infrapatellar fat pad ↑ synovial fluid pushes fat pad cranially ↑ soft tissue opacity where fat pad normally sits |
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Injury to which physis most commonly results in premature closure?
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distal ulnar physis
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What are some results of premature closure of the distal ulnar physis?
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valgus of manus
bowed radius humeroulnar subluxation -radius continues to grow & pushes up on humerus --> subluxation |
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What is Wolf's law?
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altered loading --> osteogenesis
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What are the results of premature closure of the distal radial physis?
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not as common as ulnar closure
--> varus of manus, humeroradial subluxation |
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Which grade of Salter Harris fx is most likely to result in a growth anomaly?
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grade V
probability of growth anomaly proportional to fx grade |
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What are some radiographic signs of osteochondrosis/OCD?
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flattened or radiolucent subchondral defect on articular surface w/ surrounding subchondral bone sclerosis
+/- mineralized cartilage flap, joint mice joint effusion secondary DJD |
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What are some radiographic findings of ununited anconeal process?
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1º finding: radiolucent cleavage line b’twn anconeal process from proximal ulna
-best seen on flexed lateral view DJD of elbow is a common sequela: periarticular osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis -periarticular new bone production from osteoarthrosis may partially obscure lucency b’twn ulna & anconeal process |
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What are some radiographic findings of fragmented medial coronoid process?
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radiographic visualization of coronoid fragment is usually not possible: CT preferred
DJD commonly characterized by osteophyte formation on proximal margin of anconeal process, medial epicondyle, caudal surface of lateral epicondyle, cranial margin of radial head sclerosis of coronoid process & trochlear notch, &/or a “step like” subluxation b’twn articular surface of radial head & proximal ulna is commonly present |
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What are some radiographic findings of Legg-Calve-Perthes dz?
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initial change is a subtle radiolucency of femoral capital epiphysis
a widened joint space (+/- subluxation) remodeling (flattening & irregularity) of femoral head & neck --> abnormally shaped head & acetabulum w/ 2º proliferative DJD of coxofemoral joint |
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What are some radiographic findings of panosteitis?
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↑ intramedullary opacity is most common change & is characterized by:
-blurring & accentuation of trabecular bone pattern -hazy & diminished contrast b’twn medulla & cortex -abnormal areas may be small or large -coalescing lesions may occupy most of diaphyseal medullary cavity -lesions usually most prominent near nutrient canal of affected bone periosteal new bone is usually smooth or laminar late in dz opacities resolve, leaving coarse, thickened trabecular bone that eventually assumes a normal appearance |
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What are some radiographic findings of hip dysplasia?
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radiographic changes are those of OA (order of subsequent changes is):
-perichondral osteophyte formation -remodeling of femoral head & neck -remodeling of acetabulum -↑ opacity of subchondral bone of femoral head & acetabulum solitary bony enthesophytes on caudal aspect of femoral neck may be visualized as an opaque line directed distally rather than around femoral neck (Morgan line) -should be regarded as an early & significant sign of coxofemoral OA as degenerative phase advances, femoral head loses its spheroidal shape & becomes flattened along its articular surface -acetabulum loses its cuplike shape & becomes shallow -↑ bone opacity of subchondral articular surfaces represents bone sclerosis, a response to cartilage thinning distracted projection: coxofemoral laxity can be quanitied & DI calculated |
