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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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energy
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ability to do work
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types of energy (7)
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potential
kinetic chemical electrical thermal nuclear electromagnetic |
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everything in the universe consists of...
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matter or energy
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radiation
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energy emitted and transferred through space
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ionizing radiation
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radiation able to knock out orbiting electron from an atom of irradiated material example Xray, gamma rays, uv radiation
alpha and beta rays (also ionize) are fast moving particles not radiation |
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sieverts
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unit of effective radiation dose measured in mSv. annual dose for human beings is 3mSv natural and 3.2mSv man made
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naturally occurring radiation sources
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cosmic rays: particulate and electromagnetic radiation from sun and stars
terrestrial radiation: radiation from deposits of uranium, thorium and other radionuclides internally deposited radionuclides: potassium 40 is natural metabolite radon gas: produced by natural decay of uranium. concrete, bricks gypsum wall board emir radon |
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Xray discovery date
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November 8 1895
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Xray discoverer and how
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Wilhelm Roentgen while experimenting on cathode rays in enclosed glass tube discovered fluorescence in Barium platinocyanide coated plate
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types of Xray examination
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radiography
Fluoroscopy CT |
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ALARA
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as low as reasonably achievable (safety guidelines)
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Xray filtration
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aluminum or copper inserted in Xray tube housing to absorb low-energy Xrays
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collimation
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restricts Xray beam to certain part of body and protects adjacent tissue from exposure
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Radiologic units
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with subscript a > air kerma, kinetic energy released from photons in matter (electrons), J/kg old unit was roentgen 1Gy=0.01R
with subscript t > dose absorbed in tissue J/kg, old unit was rad 1Gy=0.01rad |
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unit for effective dose
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sieverts equal to 0.01rem (old unit) also measures the quantity of radiation received
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unit for radioactivity
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becquerel is quantity of radioactivity in which 1 nucleus disintegrates in 1 second old unit is curie 1Bq = 3.7 exp 10 Ci
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subatomic particles
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more than 100 discovered and constantly mapped by particle accelerators
major particles are neutrons, protons in nucleus and electrons revolving around them |
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mass of electron
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9.109 exp -31kg
0.000549 amu |
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atomic mass unit
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1amu is one twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
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mass of proton
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1.673 exp -27kg
1836 times electron 1.00728amu |
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mass of neutron
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1.675 exp -27kg
1838 times electron 1.00867amu |
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ion pair
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negative ion is free electron
positive ion is atom with electron vacancy |
