Radiography Quiz 1

Front 1

Characteristics of x ray include

Back 1

Transports energy through space (quanta or photons)
It is distinguished by its wavelength, frequency, and energy

Front 2

The energy of electromagnetic radiation is proportional to the..

Back 2

wavelength

Front 3

Physical Properties of x rays include

Back 3

variable wavelength and energy level
they travel in a straight line
can penetrate all matter to some degree
cause certain substances to fluoresce
produces invisible image that can be made visible by processing the film
has ability to excite or ionize atoms and molecules of a substance
cause biological changes in living cells and tissue leading to damage or death of affected cells

Front 4

anode is _ charged

cathode is _ charged

Back 4

+

-

Front 5

The x ray tube has two

Back 5

electrodes that have opposite electric charges + -

Front 6

The 5 elements required for production of x rays

Back 6

1- a source of electrons
2- acceleration of electrons
3- an obstacle-free path for electrons to travel in
4- a target on which electrons will collide
5- a glass envelop that creates a vacuum environment

Front 7

At the cathode is a filament that appears as a

Back 7

coiled tungsten wire

tungsten has high melting point and high atomic number

Front 8

When heated, the cathode

Back 8

emits/discharges electrons that are directed towards the anode
(electrons become excited and their energy level exceeds the binding energy

Front 9

The filament is found in the __ made of __

Back 9

focusing cup
molybdenum

Front 10

the focusing cup

Back 10

focuses the beam of electrons on the focal spot of the anode

Front 11

mA milliamperage is the

Back 11

amount of energy in the circuit

Front 12

Stationary (fixed) Anodes are found in...

Back 12

low output machines with small capacity for xray production (low mA capabilities) such as dental and portable units

Front 13

the focal spot of a stationary anode is contained in

Back 13

a cylinder of copper

Front 14

consequences of a pitted target include..

Back 14

radiographs that appear lighter than expected
xrays that scatter in different directions

Front 15

A rotating anode is

Back 15

a disk shaped metal (usually alloy) containing a tungsten insert around the periphery
disk has diameter of about 3 cm with beveled edge
used in higher output machines with capabilities of 100-200 mA

Front 16

in an xray tube the focal spot is angled

Back 16

at about 20 degrees from the vertical

Front 17

a small focal spot angle results in

Back 17

less intensity of the xray beam on the anode side
stronger xray beam toward the cathode side

(heel effect)

Front 18

the smaller the anode angle the

Back 18

greater the heel effect

Front 19

decreasing the angle of target also

Back 19

decreases the field size of the beam

Front 20

the smaller the size of the focal spot

Back 20

the sharper the radiographic image

Front 21

the heel effect is the

Back 21

variation of intensity of the xray beam

Front 22

the penumbra (halo) effect is caused by

Back 22

any focal point larger than a pinpoint

Front 23

Stationary anodes have a ___ focal spot compared to rotating anodes

Back 23

larger

Front 24

effective focal spot is the

Back 24

the area of the focal spot that is visible through the x ray tube window and directed towards the film

Front 25

actual focal spot is the

Back 25

area that is perpendicular to the surface of the target area

Front 26

the (actual focal spot) anode heel effect is an advantage when radiogaphing

Back 26

areas of unequal thickness such as thorax and abdomen

Front 27

Increasing the mA will

Back 27

increase the number of x rays

Front 28

x rays are produced only when there is both

Back 28

a source of electrons
and a voltage difference across the anode and cathode gap

Front 29

mAs (milliampere seconds)are used to

Back 29

quantify the amount of radiation produced by the x ray tube

Front 30

kVp refers to the

Back 30

maximum voltage applied to the x ray tube across the anode-cathode gap

Front 31

kilovoltage is the

Back 31

amount of electrical energy applied to the anode and cathode that accelerates the electrons from the cathode to the anode

Front 32

what are the 3 basic x ray machine controls that a user must routinely adjust for the proper exposure?

Back 32

kVp
mA
time

Front 33

the kVp mainly controls the

Back 33

quality of the x ray beam

(the harder the target is hit, the more penetrating)

Front 34

the ma and exposure time both affect the quantity of x rays produced because..

Back 34

the electrons have more time to bombard the target and produce x rays