Radiobiology Ch. 36 (Late Effects Of Radiation)

Front 1

When we discuss the interaction of x-rays with matter (body tissue), we
refer to the x-ray ___ striking the patient.
a. photon
b. proton

Back 1

a. photon

Front 2

Anytime a repeat radiograph is necessary, the patient dose as well as the potential for operator doses __.
a. decreases
b. increases

Back 2

b. increases

Front 3

The property of x-rays that accounts for their effect on biological systems is that they:
a. have different energies
b. have no electric charge
c. cause ionization in matter
d. travel at the speed of light

Back 3

c. cause ionization in matter

Front 4

4. Which of the following is an example of a linear, nonthreshold, dose-response relationship (stochastic)?
a. cataracts
b. CNS syndrome
c. Epilation
d. Leukemia

Back 4

d. Leukemia

Front 5

5. Radiation induced cancer usually exhibits a latent period in excess of :
a. 1 year
b. 3 years
c. 5 years
d. 10 years

Back 5

d. 10 years

Front 6

6. Approximately how many of a population are likely to die of cancer?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 20%
d. 40%

Back 6

c. 20%

Front 7

7. Which of the following is considered a late radiation response?
a. sterility
b. lung cancer
c. skin erythema
d. hematological depression

Back 7

b. lung cancer

Front 8

8. The principal hazard for patients and medical xray workers exposed to ionizing radiation is:
a. malignant disease
b. cataracts
c. congenital abnormalities
d. life span shortening

Back 8

a. malignant disease

Front 9

9. Radiation induced leukemia usually follows a latent period of
a. less than 4 years
b. 4 - 7 years
c. 8 - 12 years
d. more than 12 years

Back 9

b. 4 - 7 years

Front 10

10. Human responses to radiation exposure that are late effects
a. occur within weeks or months
b. required a dose exceeding 25 rad
c. are called deterministic
d. are called stochastic

Back 10

d. are called stochastic

Front 11

11. A stochastic effect of radiation exposure
a. Refers to molecular effects
b. Requires free radical production
c. Occurs when the incidence of response is dose dependent
d. Occurs when the severity of response is dose dependent

Back 11

c. Occurs when the incidence of response is dose dependent

Front 12

12. Which of the following radiation induced effects is stochastic?
a. cataracts
b. breast cancer
c. skin erythema
d. epilation

Back 12

b. breast cancer

Front 13

13. The best estimate for life span shortening is
a. 0.1 d/rad
b. 1.0 d/rad
c. 10 d/rad
d. 100 d/rad

Back 13

c. 10 d/rad

Front 14

14. One human response to radiation that can be distinguished from that occurring naturally is
a. Cataracts
b. Leukemia
c. Breast cancer
d. Moist desquamation

Back 14

a. Cataracts

Front 15

15. The average latent period for radiation induced cataracts is:
a. 5 years
b. 15 years
c. 20 years
d. 25 years

Back 15

b. 15 years

Front 16

16. Which of the following radiation responses in utero is most likely when exposure occurs during organogenesis?
a. childhood cancer
b. congenital abnormalities
c. neonatal death
d. prenatal death

Back 16

b. congenital abnormalities

Front 17

17. The principal late effects of low dose radiation over long periods of time are:
a. radiation induced malignancies
b. genetic effects
c. death
d. a and c
e. a and b

Back 17

e. a and b

Front 18

18. Which of the following is not related to skin exposure?
a. erythema
b. radiodermatatitis
c. desquamation
d. ecchymosis

Back 18

d. ecchymosis

Front 19

19. Which of the following requires two dose levels for determination of a result and uses the unit of cases/106 persons/rad/yr?
a. relative risk
b. excess risk
c. absolute risk

Back 19

c. absolute risk

Front 20

20. “That time after irradiation during which one might expect the radiation effect to occur is __”
a. latent period
b. manifest period
c. dormant period
d. at risk period

Back 20

d. at risk period

Front 21

21. BEIR has determined that less than __ rad/year may not be harmful.
a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7

Back 21

a. 1

Front 22

22. The most pronounced effect of a high dose during the first 2 weeks after fertilization is:
a. Spontaneous abortion
b. Malignancy induction
c. General impairment of growth
d. Genetic effects

Back 22

a. Spontaneous abortion

Front 23

23. Nuclear medicine studies on pregnant women should be done prior to the __ week of the fetus’ gestation as the thyroid begins to function in the fetus after this time and will “uptake” the radioactive material.
a. 2nd
b. 5th
c. 8th
d. 10th

Back 23

d. 10th

Front 24

24. The dose of radiation which would produce twice the frequency of genetic mutations as would have been observed without the radiation:
a. Early dose
b. Late dose
c. Doubling dose
d. Inverse dose

Back 24

c. Doubling dose

Front 25

25. An “all or none” response is related to:
a. irradiation in utero
b. irradiation in childhood
c. irradiation in adolescence
d. irradiation in adulthood

Back 25

a. irradiation in utero

Front 26

26. The radiation exposures experienced by personnel in diagnostic imaging are low dose and __ LET.
a. high
b. low

Back 26

b. low

Front 27

27. The most radiosensitive period during pregnancy is the:
a. first trimester
b. second trimester
c. third trimester
d. all are equal in radiosensitivity

Back 27

a. first trimester

Front 28

28. Which of the following is not correct regarding radiation genetics?
a. any dose of radiation to a germ cell results in some genetic risk
b. the frequency of radiation induced mutations is indirectly related to dose
c. most radiation induced mutations are recessive
d. radiation induced mutations may not be expressed for many generations

Back 28

b. the frequency of radiation induced mutations is indirectly related to dose

Front 29

29. For radiation workers, such as medical imaging personnel, occupational risk may be equated with occupational risk in which of the following?
a. other industries that are generally considered reasonably safe
b. somewhat hazardous industries
c. hazardous industries
d. extremely hazardous industries

Back 29

a. other industries that are generally considered

Front 30

30. Radiation protection guidelines are based on the late effects of radiation and are described as:
a. linear, threshold dose response relationship
b. nonlinear, threshold dose response relationship
c. linear, nonthreshold dose response relationship
d. nonlinear, nonthreshold dose response relationship

Back 30

c. linear, nonthreshold dose response relationship