Radioactivity

Front 1

Define radioactivity

Back 1

Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation by an element known as radioactive element

Front 2

What radioactive element does?

Back 2

Radioactive element emits radiation continually and spontaneously .

Front 3

What's radioactivity associated with?

Back 3

Radioactivity is associated with great amount release of energy about a million times greater than any other chemical reaction.

Front 4

What are the types of radioactivity?

Back 4

* Natural radioactivity

* Artificial radioactivity (Induced radioactivity)

Front 5

What is Radioactive decay?

Back 5

Radioactive decay is the spontaneous disintegration of an atom nucleus to emit such as alpha, beta, gamma, xray, positron and neutron etc

Front 6

What happens during an atom disintegration?

Back 6

During disintegration the parent element/nuclide undergoes change in atomic number, that means becoming different element called daughter nucleus.

Front 7

What is Natural radioactivity?

Back 7

Natural radioactivity occurs naturally by emitting either alpha, beta or gamma rays

Front 8

Which types of element does natural radioactivity occurs?

Back 8

Natural radioactivity occurs on heavy element to which have atomic number ranging from 81-92 and they have the longest half life.

Front 9

Why are radioactivity elements not stable?

Back 9

Radioactive element are not stable for a reason because they are heavy element and they need a series of radioactive particles(alpha and beta) to form stable until they finally reach a stable isotope(another element formed in the reaction).

Front 10

What is isometric transition process?

Back 10

Is any energy that is emitted from a metastable

Front 11

What is Artificial radioactivity?

Back 11

Artificial radioactivity occurs when a stable nuclei or isotope is bombarded by radioactivity particles such as proton,alpha, beta,gamma, positron or nuclei of other atoms such as carbon nuclei.

Front 12

How does the bombarding particles behave?

Back 12

The bombarding particles maybe captured by the nucleus of the artificial bombarding atoms and the nucleus may undergoes fission or fusion depending on the condition of bombardment.

Front 13

What is used for the induction for nuclear reaction for the Artificial reaction?

Back 13

Natural radiation maybe used to induce the nuclear reaction but this limits the energy of the bombarding particles ie. What happens depends on the Nature and the energy of the bombarding particles.

Front 14

What are the types of nuclear radiation?

Back 14

*Alpha,High ionization energy, low penetrating power (blocked by paper) has a positive charge

*Beta,Medium ionization energy of 100,medium penetrating power(blocked by aluminium foil and blocked by glass)has a negative charge

*Gamma No ionization energy, High penetrating power (blocked by lead block) has no charge

Front 15

What is the law of radioactive displacement ?

Back 15

It states that when alpha emission takes place, there is movement 2 places down the periodic table and when beta emission takes place there will be one movement up the periodic table.

Front 16

What is half life?

Back 16

Is the time taken for the half of an atomic nuclei to disintegrate at a time.

Front 17

How nuclear reaction start?

Back 17

Nuclear reaction may occur either there is nuclear stability or not (when bombarded).

If there is nuclear instability a spontaneous process occurs. (Natural radioactivity).

A reaction can also be Induced when the nucleus is bombarded by high velocity particle. The kinetic energy will Induce the reaction. (Artificial radioactivity).

Front 18

How many types of Artificial radioactivity are?

Back 18

Nuclear fission

And nuclear fusion.

Front 19

What's nuclear fission?

Back 19

This is brought by splitting heavy nuclei into approximately equal pieces

Front 20

What happens when a heavy nuclei is bombarded with a light energy neutron?

Back 20

It will form extra energy which maybe sufficient to split the already distorted nucleus into two fragments.

Uranium 235 bombarded with high energy neutron will from different products depending on how the nucleus split up.

Front 21

What is nuclear fusion?

Back 21

Is the joining of two or more light nuclei which results in more stable nucleus with the liberation of extra energy.

The components of two nuclei must be brought against repulsive forces and this is accompanied by accelerating particles of high velocity thereby releasing high amount of energy.