Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
ascites |
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity -CT, sonography |
|
|
carcinoma of the gallbladder |
malignant neoplasm of the gallbladder of glandular origin -RUQ pain, jaundice, weight loss, "porcelain gallbladder" -CT, sonography |
|
|
cholecystitis |
acute inflammation of the gallbladder most frequently cause by obstruction -CT, sonography |
|
|
cirrhosis |
liver condition in which the parenchyma and architecture are destroyed and replaced by fibrous tissue and regenerative nodules -CT |
|
|
fatty liver disease |
buildup of lipids that are deposited in liver tissue -CT, sonography |
|
|
gallstone ileus |
condition in which gallstones erode from the gallbladder, creating a fistula to the small bowel that may cause a bowel obstruction |
|
|
hemangioma |
benign tumor of dilated blood vessels -CT of liver following an injection of IV contrast medium with peripheral enhancement, MRI provides physiologic info regarding mass |
|
|
hepatitis |
relatively common liver condition - estimated 70, 000 cases reported annually in the US -CT, MRI, nuc med, sonography |
|
|
hepatocellular adenoma |
benign tumor of the liver most frequently associated with oral contraceptives -CT, sonography |
|
|
heptacellular carcinoma |
primary malignant tumor of the liver -patients with cirrhosis, increased jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, RUQ mass, ascites, or rapid increase in liver size -CT, sonography |
|
|
hepatomegaly |
enlargement of the liver as might be seen with viral haptitis |
|
|
jaundice |
yellowish discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by bilirubin accumulation in the body tissues -ERCP, MRCP,CT |
|
|
medical jaundice |
(nonobstructive) jaundice resulting from hemolytic disease, in which excessive amounts of red blood cells are destroyed, or when the liver is damaged as a result of cirrhosis or hepatitis |
|
|
metastic liver disease |
spread of another primary cancer to the liver -sonography used to screen patients; CT, MRI more accurate diagnosis |
|
|
pancreatic cancer |
5th most common cancer-related disease, malignant cells grow from the epithelial cells of the pancreas -greater in men than women, blacks than whites -CT of abdomen w/ & w/o contrast, sonography and MRI w/ & w/o contrast |
|
|
pancreatitis |
acute or chronic, asymptomatic or symptomatic inflammation of the pancreas caused by auto-digestion by pancreatic enzymes -CT, ERCP, sonography -lab tests to diagnose |
|
|
pseudocyst |
abnormal or displaced space resembling a cyst -CT, sonography |
|
|
steatosis |
excess of fatty acids within the liver leading to fatty infiltration of the liver |
|
|
surgical jaundice |
(obstructive) jaundice that occurs as a result of biliary system blockage, which prevents bile from entering the duodenum caused by stones or masses |
|
|
Hepatobiliary system |
liver, gallbladder, biliary tree
|
|
|
liver |
largest organ in body in RUQ of abdomen hepatic portal circulation |
|
|
biliary tree |
system of ducts acts to drain bile produced in the liver into the duodenum |
|
|
gallbladder
|
digestive organ, undersurface on the right of lobe of the liver
-to store and concentrate bile that has been produced in the liver |
|
|
IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS
radiography |
stones, bones, gas, mass |
|
|
IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PTC |
visualize biliary tree, insertion of needle into tree through the wall of the abdomen -used to distinguish medical jaundice vs surgical jaundice -presence of calculi or tumor in distal common bile duct |
|
|
IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram ERCP |
performed by gastroenterologist - visualizing biliary system and main pancreatic duct, provides drainage for the pancreatic enzymes into both the digestive tract and common bile duct -nondilated ducts, distal obstructions, bleeding disorders and pancreas |
|
|
IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS operative cholangiography |
during surgery at the time of a cholecystectomy to detect biliary calculi and the need for common bile duct exploration
|
|
|
IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS t-tube cholangiography |
used after cholecystectomy to demonstrate patency of the common bile duct and to check for calculi
|
|
|
IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS diagnostic medical sonography |
modality of choice for gallbladder and biliary tree - noninvasive -echogenic areas: gallstones within echo-free gallbladder (thickening of wall is easily seen) |
|
|
IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS CT |
malignancies and assessing masses of the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas
complications of cholecystitis, perforations and abscess formations |
|
|
IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS
nuclear medicine |
SPECT single photon emission computed tomography of hepatobiliary lesions, biliary drainage, hepatobiliary leaks following trauma or surgery, and segmental obstruction |
|
|
IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS
MRI |
shorter scan times, often used with CT to evaluate pathologies and anomalies of liver and pacrease, following trauma bleeds MRCP: uses magnetic reasonances to visualize the gallbladder and biliary system |
|
|
Inflammatory diseases alcohol-induced liver disease |
fatty liver to alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver -CT demonstrates fatty deposits as hypodense areas throughout the liver |
|
|
hepatitis A |
single-stranded RNA picornavirus - excreted in the GI tract in fecal matter and is spread by contact with an infected indiviual, raw foods incubation period 15-50 days |
|
|
hepatitis B |
DNA replicates within the cells of the liver - transmitted through infected serum or blood products
incubation period 50-160 days |
|
|
hepatitis C
|
parentally transmitted RNA virus - 80% of hepatitis cases develop after blood transfusions, acute or chronic HCV 10-20% eventually lead to cirrhosis
|
|
|
hepatitis D |
caused by RNA virus and occurs only concurrently with acute or chronic HBV - can not occur alone. |
|
|
hepatitis E |
outbreaks of waterborne epidemic acute hepatits in developing countries |
|
|
hepatitis G |
recently isolated, may be transmitted via blood products and may cause chronic hepatitis |
|
|
cholelithiasis
|
gallstones, common - women more likely.
-sonography, CT |
