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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ionizing radiation |
Radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them |
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Alpha radiation- 4 characteristics |
1. Low penetration ( wont penetrate the skin) 2. Significant internal emitter 3. Stopped by paper 4. Dangerous if ingested |
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Beta radiation |
1. Penetrate more than alpha 2. Electroncemission 3. Particles are more penetrating than alpha particles 4. Dangerous if ingested |
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Gamma ray |
Electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength. Originate in the atomic nucleus, highly penetrable. |
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X- radiation |
Doesn't come from radioactive nucleus |
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X-rays |
Discovered by Roentgen 1898 1. Extremely short wavelength 2. Highly penetrating 3. Can ionizer certain gases as they pass through 4. Overexposure can permanently damage cells and tissue structure |
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Bequerel (Bq) units |
How radiation is measured 1 Bq= 1 decay per second |
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Curies (Ci) |
Specimen activities measurement 1 Ci = 37 billion Bq |
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Rotengens (r) |
Ionizing ability of X-ray/ gamma radiation |
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Radiation absorbed dose (RAD) |
Measure of energy deposited in any medium by al types of radiation |
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Rotengen equivalent man (rem) |
Measure of absorbed dose, which also accounts for the varying amounts of biological damage caused by different types of radiation in US rem= rad X quality factor (OF) |
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Types of radiation entry to humans |
1. Inhalation - most common route of entry 2. Skin absorption - less common 3. Ingestion - good personal hygiene to prevent 4. Proper work practice- follow good procedures and techniques |
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Acute clinical radiation effect |
Loss of hair, skin ulcers, damage of blood forming organs |
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Chronic clinical radiation effects |
Early signs are changes in texture/ color of skin. Cancers include leukemia, skin cancer, bone cancer |
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Parts of bodys order of response to radiation Most to least sensitive |
1. Blood / blood forming organs 2. Skin/ reproductive organs/ GO track 3. Lungs/ kidneys 4. Bone, muscle, nerve cells |
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Geiger Mueller instrument |
Used by landfill operators, measure ionization formed by radiation b yindicating meter. Used for low level beta and gamma rays |
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Proportional survey instruments |
Measures alpha Radiation- paticles |
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Scintillation survey instruments |
Detect alpha, gamma, beta, x-rays by placing proper phosphor in contact with the photomultiplier tube. |
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Film badge |
Personal monitoring device Provide permanent record of exposure but require more work to obtain readings |
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Dosimeter - pocket |
Determine exposure at any time while continuing to act as a monitor without further attention |
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Pocket chamber |
Simple and inexpensive means to measure radiation |
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Celsius 137 |
Radioactive poison, used in FDA approved gamma radiation of foods such as wheat, flour and potatoes |
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Carbon 14 |
Beta radiation for radio-carbon dating o.k.kn geology and archaeology. |
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Cobalt |
Radiation therapy for cancer |
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Iodine 131 |
Diagnosis and treatment of goiter and thyroid disorder |
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Strontium |
Toxic radioactive poison Treat eye disease, atomic battery |
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Radon gas |
Public health hazard when present in homes. Naturally occuring gas that is Colorless, odorless, tasteless. Health hazard is inhalation of contaminated dust - bombard lungs with alpha and beta rad, risk of lung cancer |
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Microwave and how to test |
Non ionizing, long wavelength radio waves, cause internal heating Power density meter used to test for microwave leakage |
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UV Light radiation |
Non ionizing Light in high light wavelength, detect leptospira, fat cells - surface disinfectant |
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Infrared light |
Non ionizing Light on low wavelength. Very hot. Popular for food processing for hot holding |
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Laser |
Light amplification stimulated emission Radiation- highly concentrated light |
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NEPA |
National environmental policy act Requires environmental aspects be analyzed and that alternative sites be considered for nuclear facilities site |
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NRC |
Nuclear regulatory commission- requires solidification of high level radioactive within 5 years of production then transfer to fed storage site within 5 years NRC licenses area of disposal for nuclear waste and nuclear facilities |
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FRC |
Federal radiation council Provides guidelines for federal agencies carrying out activities (light nuclear or weapons testing) that might affect public. |
