Quiz Charlie

Front 1

is term used for the dilute suspension or separated fibers in water.

Back 1

PULP

Front 2

is the name given to all kinds of matted or felted sheets of fibers formed on a wire screen from a water suspension

Back 2

PAPER

Front 3

Derived from the word “papyrus” a native plant whose stem is flattened by early Egyptians who used them for writing.

Back 3

PAPER

Front 4

Kinds of paper

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BOND AND WRITING PAPERS

PRINTING PAPERS

Wrapping and bag paper

Paper towel and toilet tissues

Paperboards

Front 5

Types of printing papers

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BOOKPAPER

NEWS PRINT PAPER

BRISTOL

LEDGER PAPER

LITHOGRAPHIC PAPER

Front 6

grade of paper used for printing books, magazines, pamphlets, folders, and brochures.

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BOOK PAPER

Front 7

grade of paper used for news paper

Back 7

Newsprint paper

Front 8

group of papers or paperboards, 0.006 inch thick or thicker; includes index Bristol, wedding Brisol and folder stock

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BRISTOL

Front 9

used as filler leaves for ledger books

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LEDGER PAPER

Front 10

used for high quality printmaking, painting and drawing paper.

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LITHOGRAPHIC PAPER

Front 11

General uses of paper

Back 11

For packaging

Communication medium

Disposable products

Industrial Sheets Material

Front 12

Sources of raw materials for pulp and paper manufacture in the Philippines:

Back 12

Wood

Agricultural waste

Other sources

Front 13

Types of Woods

Back 13

Softwoods

Hardwoods

Front 14

Softwood

Back 14

Benguet Pine

Front 15

Hardwoods

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Gubas, Kaatotan bangkal, Moluccan sau, etc.

Front 16

sugar cane bagasse, rice straw, banana stalks, tobacco stalks and midribs, cotton stalks.

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Agricultural waste

Front 17

Other sources:

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Grasses – bamboo, cogonKapok seed hairs

Paper mulberry, ramie and salago bast fibers

Abaca and manguey leaf fibers

Recycle pulps from used papers

Front 18

Steps in the Manufacture of Pulp and Paper

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Raw materials preparation

Pulping

Pulp Treatment

Paper Manufacturing

Paper reeling

Front 19

Raw materials preparation , this includes the following operations:

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Pulpwood harvesting and transportation

Bucking –logs are cut to proper sizes

Debarking

Chipping Method

Screening

Storage

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logs are cut to proper sizes

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BUCKING

Front 21

Reasons for debarking

Back 21

Bark has only a very small amount of fibers

Bark gives dirty pulp

Bark tends to consume more chemical

Bark can better utilized as fuels for energy generations

Front 22

the logs reduced to smaller pieces to ensure better penetration of chemicals as well as to obtain more rapid, complete and uniform saturation of the wood by the cooking liquor.

Back 22

CHIPPING METHOD

Front 23

is generally done on wood to be pulped be chemical or semi-chemical processes

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CHIPPING

Front 24

oversized chip are separated from acceptable chips for rechipping; fines or undersized chips are used a boiler fuel.

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SCREENING

Front 25

chips are segregated according to species, color and other properties to permit variation of the products of the pulp mill.

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Storage

Front 26

reduction of wood to constituent fiber mechanical, chemical or heat energy or a combination of these are employed in producing pulp. The form of energy used to determine both yield and pulp properties.

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PULPING

Front 27

Pulping processes

Back 27

Groundwood or mechanical pulping

Chemical pulping

Semi-chemical and chemi-mechanical puping

Front 28

a high yield process, (88-95%), purely mechanical or physical are used, where the fibers are torn apart by forced to break the lignin which serves as the bonding material.

Back 28

GROUNDWOOD OR MECHANICAL PULPING

Front 29

a low yield process (30-55%); wood in the form of chips is treated with chemicals in solution (called cooking liquor) under high temperature

Back 29

CHEMICAL PULPING

Front 30

Methods for mechanical pulping

Back 30

Stone groundwood process

Refiner groundwood process

Thermomechanical pulping (TMP) process

Front 31

employs a grindstone, which is basically a large stone that is rotated the tangential surface of the wood bolts are press against the surface.

Back 31

STONE GROUNDWood PROCESS

Front 32

new and more popular method of mechanical pulping which involve the double disk refiner, which is composed of two fluted metal disks that can be closely spaced and rotated in opposite direction, or a single disk refiner in which one disk is fixed while the other rotated.

Back 32

REFINER GROUNDWOOD PROCESS

Front 33

chips are subjected to super subjected to superheated steam at a temperature of 120-135 degrees Celsius as they pass through the refiner.

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Thermomechanical pulping (TMP) process

Front 34

Methods of chemical pulping

Back 34

Acid sulfite process

Alkaline process

Front 35

Alkaline process

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Soda process

Sulphate or kraft process

Front 36

wood chips are treated with a dilute solution of caustic soda (NaHo) at high temperature and pressure.

Back 36

SODA PROCESS

Front 37

cooking liquor contains sodium sulphide and caustic soda.

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SULPHATE OR KRAFT PROCESS

Front 38

Pulp Treatment or Stock preparation involves the following preparation

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SCREENING AND WASHING

BLEACHING

BEATING AND REFINING

INTRODUCTION OF ADDITIVES

LAPPING

COLORING

Front 39

this the removal of dirt, forien materials and uncooked pulp from the stock, by passing the pulp through fire wire mesh.

Back 39

SCREENING AND WASHING

Front 40

done with manufacturing writing or book papers and other products where whiteness is important.

Back 40

BLEACHING

Front 41

Main stages of standard bleaching

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ACID CHLORINATION

ALKALI EXTRACTION

HYPOCHLORITE BLEACHING

Front 42

degrade most of residual lignin in pulp into a soluble form.

Back 42

ACID CHLORINATION

Front 43

removes alkali-soluble products from pulp.

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ALKALI EXTRACTION

Front 44

completes delignification by destroying the residual chromophoric groups.

Back 44

Hypochlorite bleaching

Front 45

the chemical flattening and unravelling of fibers. This provides the maximum potential for bonding since the surface area of fibers and thus, the area available for bonding is increased. Beating can be carried out in a Hollander beater which consist of a rotating paddle wheel that moves a pulp slurry around a tub.

Back 45

BEATING AND REFINING

Front 46

certain additives are incorporated into the pulp to provide certain qualities.

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INTRODUCTION OF ADDITIVES

Front 47

certain additives are incorporated into the pulp to provide certain qualities.

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INTRODUCTION OF ADDITIVES

Front 48

mineral substances such as china clay, talc, calcium sulphate, zinc sulphide that are added to give smooth and opaque surface increase brightness and printability as well as body to the paper.

Back 48

FILLERS

Front 49

substances such as rosin and wax to make the paper less absorbent of moisture

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SIZERS

Front 50

involves the extraction of water from pulp to transform to a pulp into sheets for storage and transport.

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LAPPING

Front 51

includes the addition of pigments or dyes to the bleached pulp to bring out any desired color in the paper.

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COLORING

Front 52

water soluble coloring material which are only deposited on the surface of the fibers and do not penetrate the cell wall.

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PIGMENTS

Front 53

more permanent than pigments because they can penetrate the cell wall of the fibers.

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DYES

Front 54

involves the formation of fiber mat, drainage of water and drying of the sheets formed.

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PAPER MANUFACTURING

Front 55

Types of paper machine

Back 55

Fourdrinier

Cylinder

Front 56

this is the used commonly machine, consisting of rapidly moving screen fitted with a device to accurately meter a pulp mixture in it.

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FOURDRINER

Front 57

paper mat is formed on rotating wire cylinders.

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CYLINDER

Front 58

Sections of Fourdrinier paper machine

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WET END

PRESS

DRIER

CALENDAR

Front 59

stock with 0.5-1% consistency is delivered from the headbox onto a moving, endless bronze- wire mesh. The water drains away through the fine mesh of wire with the aid of auction boxes or other drainage-enhancing devices mounted under the wire, leaving a mat of randomly distributed fibers. The moisture content of the mat as leaves the wet end section is about 80%.

Back 59

WET END

Front 60

the mat is pressed between rolls which squeeze out more of the mat moisture. The paper leaves the dryer section at a moisture content of 60-70%.

Back 60

PRESS

Front 61

the sheet is pressed against a series of steam-heated drying cylinders to evaporate the remaining moisture. The sheet passes out of the drier section at moisture content of about 7-10%.

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DRIER

Front 62

the sheet passes to a set of very smooth and heavy rolls to impart a smooth finish to the paper.

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CALENDAR

Front 63

the paper is wound in reels and may be cut to specified lengths as it is being wound.

Back 63

PAPER REELING