Quiz 6 Part 2

Front 1

Female reproductive cycle averages how long? Consist of how many cycles?

Back 1

28 days; consists of two cycles

Front 2

Two cycles involved with female reproduction

Back 2

Ovarian (maturation of oocyte)

Menstrual (prep endometrium for implantation)

Front 3

Controlled by gonadotropin releasing hormone from hypothalamus

Back 3

Hormonal regulation

Front 4

____ stimulates the release of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary.

Back 4

GNRH

Front 5

____ initiates follicular growth and secretion of estrogens

Back 5

FSH

Front 6

___ Stimulates further development of the follicle, full secretion of estrogens, ovulation, development of the corpus Luteum, and stimulates production of hormones

Back 6

LH

Front 7

How many estrogens? # of significant?

Back 7

6, 3 significant

Front 8

Promotes development and maintenance of female reproductive structures, secondary sexual characteristics, and breast development

Back 8

Estrogen

Front 9

Estrogen increases? Lowers? And inhibits?

Back 9

Increases protein anabolism, lowers blood cholesterol, and inhibits release of GNRH, FSH, & LH

Front 10

Secreted by corpus luteum

Back 10

Progesterone

Front 11

Functions of progesterone?

Back 11

Acts synergistically with estrogen for endometrial development and helps maintain pregnancy

Front 12

Progesterone inhibits what?

Back 12

Release of GNRH & LH

Front 13

Released by corpus luteum; released by placenta

Back 13

Relaxin

Front 14

Functions of relaxin

Back 14

Relaxes uterus, improving chances of implantation; increases flexibility of public symphysis at end of pregnancy

Front 15

Secreted by growing follicle and corpus luteum

Back 15

Inhibin

Front 16

Inhibin inhibits secretion of what?

Back 16

FSH

Front 17

What happens at beginning of menstrual cycle?

Back 17

Several follicles begin to mature into secondary follicles; GNRH and FSH are high; may take months

Front 18

Endometrial lining is shed due to lack of progesterone; how much is lost?

Back 18

Menstrual flow; 50-150 ml of blood, fluid, and tissue

Front 19

Between menstruation and ovulation

Back 19

Pre ovulatory phase

Front 20

What happens during pre ovulatory phase?

Back 20

Follicles continue to grow under influence of FSH; about day 6 one follicle outgrows others; LH levels begin to rise at end of phase

Front 21

About day 6 what happens?

Back 21

Dominant follicle secretes estrogen and inhibin, FSH levels decrease, other follicles undergo atresia, and endometrial lining thickens

Front 22

Occurs generally on day 14

Back 22

Ovulation

Front 23

What causes ovulation?

Back 23

High levels of LH caused by high levels of estrogen

Front 24

Release of secondary oocyte when?

Back 24

9 hrs after LH spike

Front 25

Last approx 14 days; LH stimulates ruptured follicle to become corpus luteum

Back 25

Post ovulatory phase

Front 26

Corpus luteum secretes what during post ovulatory phase?

Back 26

Progesterone and some estrogens, relaxin, and inhibin

Front 27

During pre ovulation ___ and ___ stimulate growth of endometrium

Back 27

Estrogen and progesterone

Front 28

Wall thickest when?

Back 28

About 1 week after ovulation

Front 29

If oocyte not fertilized, corpus luteum survives how long?

Back 29

About 2 weeks

Front 30

If oocyte not fertilized what happens?

Back 30

Progesterone and estrogen levels decrease, levels of GNRH and FSH begin to rise

Front 31

If fertilization occurs what happens?

Back 31

Embryo implants to endometrial lining/ produces human chorionic gonadotropin, HCG stimulates growth of corpus luteum, corpus luteum continues to secrete hormones

Front 32

Occurs w/in a day of ovulation in Fallopian tube

Back 32

Fertilization

Front 33

Sperm make trip in how long?

Back 33

30-120 mins

Front 34

Secondary oocyte covered by what?

Back 34

Corona radiata (granules cells, protective layer)

Front 35

Sperm must digest through what?

Back 35

Acrosome

Front 36

Intact sperm contacts zona pellucidum (digestion)

Back 36

Oocyte activation

Front 37

During fusion of oocyte and sperm what happens?

Back 37

Depolarization of oocyte (-Na+) & (ca+2)

Compution of meiosis II (ovum)

Harding of zona pellucidum (pollyspermy)

Front 38

Formation of pronuclei and spindle called what? Happens when?

Back 38

Amphimixis (first cleavage) 30 hrs after

Front 39

Pre embryo continues to divide and moves through Fallopian tube

Back 39

Blastocyst formation

Front 40

Pre embryo arrives at uterus when?

Back 40

Day 4 (known as morula)

Front 41

Blastocyst formed when? Characteristics?

Back 41

Day 6; hollow, trophoblast, blastoceal, inner cell mass