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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Mechanical Weathering |
* Physical disintegration of the rocks. * Breaks up rocks but chemical composition does not change * Examples: frost action, plant growth, waves hitting cliff |
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(Name & Discuss 4 effects of Mechanical Weathering) Frost Action |
* Mechanical effect of freezing water * Water seeps into cracks & crevices or rocks *when temperature drops, water turns to ice * thereby, expanding & breaking the rock open |
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(Name & Discuss 4 effects of Mechanical Weathering) Frost Heaving |
Lifting Rocks and soils vertically |
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(Name & Discuss 4 effects of Mechanical Weathering) Pressure Release |
Reduction of pressure on a body of rock causing it to crack |
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(Name & Discuss 4 effects of Mechanical Weathering) Exfoliation |
Removal of the rock layers, similar to peeling layers of onion |
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Define Chemical Sedimentary Rocks |
Formed via precipitation from sediments Precipitated from an aqueous environment |
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(Chemical Sedimentary Rock Type) Limestone |
Composed of calcite Formed by either actions of organisms or as result of inorganic processes Based could be called biochemical or inorganic |
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(Chemical Sedimentary Rock Type) Dolomite |
Resulted from calcium in limestone being replaced by magnesium |
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(Chemical Sedimentary Rock Type) Chert |
Composed entirely of microcrystalline quartz, chemical or organic in origin |
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(Chemical Sedimentary Rock Type) Evaporites |
Rocks formed from crystals precipitated during evaporation of water |
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Five Factors controlling characteristics of metamorphism |
Composition of the Parent Rock Before Metamorphism, Temperature, Pressure, Fluids, Time |
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(Five Factors-Control metamorphism) Composition of the Parent Rock before Metamorphism |
No new elements added during metamorphism generally, besides water- additional elements could be added. Mineral content of metamorphic rock controlled by composition of parent rock |
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(Five Factors-Control metamorphism) Temperature |
Heat comes from earth's interior Mineral said to be stable if it doesn't react with other substance or convert to another mineral Stability of mineral depends upon temperature |
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(Five Factors-Control metamorphism) Pressure |
Pressure applied on all surfaces due to burial Tensional Stress: Pressure applied in opposite directions Compressional Stress: Pressure applied in same direction Shearing: When pressure causes parts of rocks to slide relative to one another All forces result in foliation |
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(Five Factors-Control metamorphism) Fluids |
Hot water in form of water vapor most important fluid involved in metamorphic process besides other gases, like carbon dioxide Water helps start the chemical reaction and can move through fissures in rocks |
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(Five Factors-Control metamorphism) Time |
Hard to comprehend Metamorphic process and new mineral development does not follow a set time period Laboratory simulations of metamorphic processes are frustrated by time factor |
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Name 5 principles used to determine relative time |
Original Horizontality, Superposition, Cross-Cutting, Inclusions, Intrusions |
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(5 Principles determining relative time) Original Horizontality |
States when material initially was deposited on surface of earth, it was deposited horizontally Folding-faulting observed in rocks, after its deposition |
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(5 Principles determining relative time) Superposition |
States the layers below are older than layers deposited on top of them. Oldest is at the bottom, youngest at top |
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(5 Principles determining relative time) Cross-Cutting |
Mentions that the disrupted pattern is older than disruption which caused it. Fault cutting across layers of rocks, fault is younger than layers it cut across |
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(5 Principles determining relative time) Inclusions |
States that the fragments included in host rock are older than the host rock |
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(5 Principles determining relative time) Intrusion |
When body of rock intrudes another one, the intruding body of rock is younger than host rock |
