Quiz 2 Chapter 3

Front 1

Unitary Government

Back 1

A national polity governed as a single unit, with the central government exercising all or most political authority.

Front 2

Confederation

Back 2

A group of independent states or nations that yield some of their powers to a national government, although each state retains a degree of sovereign authority.

Front 3

Delegated powers

Back 3

National government powers listed explicitly in the constitution.

Front 4

Commerce clause

Back 4

The constitutional declaration empowering congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, between states, and with Indian tribes.

Front 5

Necessary and proper clause

Back 5

The constitutional declaration that defines Congress’s authority to exercise the “necessary and proper” powers to carry out its designated functions

Front 6

Implied powers

Back 6

National government powers implied by, but not specifically name in, the Constitution.

Front 7

Supremacy clause

Back 7

The constitutional declaration (in Article 6, Section 2) that the national government’s authority prevails over any conflicting state or local governments claims, provided the power is granted to the federal government

Front 8

Inherent powers

Back 8

Powers not specified or implied by the Constitution but necessary for the president or Congress to fulfill their duties

Front 9

Reserved powers

Back 9

The constitutional guarantee (in the Tenth Amendment) that the states retain government authority not explicitly granted to the national government

Front 10

Concurrent Powers

Back 10

Governmental authority shared by national and state governments, such as the power to tax residents

Front 11

Full faith and credit clause

Back 11

The constitutional requirement (in Article 4, Section 1) that each state must recognize and uphold laws passed by any other state

Front 12

Dual federalism

Back 12

Clear division of governing authority between national and state governments

Front 13

Cooperative federalism

Back 13

Mingled governing authority, with functions overlapping across national and states government

Front 14

Grant in aid

Back 14

National government funding provided to state and local governments, along with specific instructions about how the funds may be used

Front 15

New federalism

Back 15

A version of cooperative federalism, but with less oversight by the federal government (which still provided funds) and more control on the state and local level

Front 16

Block grants

Back 16

National government funding provided to state and local governments, with relatively few restrictions or requirements on spending

Front 17

Progressive federalism

Back 17

Modern federalism variant in which the national government sets broad goals for a program, and relies on state innovations to achieve them

Front 18

Unfunded mandate

Back 18

An obligation imposed on state or local government officials by federal legislation, without sufficient federal funding support to cover the costs

Front 19

Devolution

Back 19

The transfer of authority from national to state or local government level

Front 20

Preemption

Back 20

The invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with federal law

Front 21

Civic voluntarism

Back 21

Citizens voluntarily participating in public life without government involvement. For example, getting together to build a playground or clean up the litter in town

Front 22

Federalism

Back 22

The relationship between different levels of government