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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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systematic planning |
*it ensures that available resources are used to address the actual needs of people in the community, and it focuses attention on what the organization and health provider are attempting to do for clients *for meeting the health needs for populations has benefits for clients, nurses, employing agencies, and the community *reduces role ambiguity (uncertainty) |
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strategic planning |
*matching client needs with specific provider strengths and competencies and agency resources *it helps anticipate events and allows for quality decision making and better control over actual program results by setting specific goals, examining those goals regularly |
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management planning |
assists program managers to determine whether the resources of an agency are being used properly in program implementation |
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program planning |
*shifts from a focus on the agency as a unit to one aspect of the agency *a reality-based program that targets a defined population to produce a certain measurable outcome and can be readily evaluated. *often there are numerous programs in an agency |
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stages of the planning process |
*formulating *conceptualizing *detailing *evaluating *implementing |
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formulating |
*client identifies problems *the initial and most critical step in planning a health program is defining the problem and assessing client need *preactive: project a future need *reactive: defining the problem based on past needs. *inactive: defining the problem on the basis of the existing health state of the population to be served *interactive: describing the problem using past and present data to project future population needs *needs assessment is a key component. the target population or client to be served by any program must be identified and involved in every stage of designing the program |
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conceptualizing |
*provider group identifies solution *the stage of planning creates options for solving the problem and considers several solutions. each option for program solution is examined for its uncertainties (risks) and consequences, leading to a set of outcomes *first step is a review of the literature to determine what approaches have been used in other places with similar problems, and with what success. *decision tree is a good visual |
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detailing |
*client and provider analyze available solutions *involves both the provider and client in a consideration of the possibilities to solve the problem as it relates to costs, resources, and program activities |
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evaluating |
*client, providers, and administration select best plan *each alternative is weighted to judge the costs, benefits, and acceptance of the idea to the client population, community, and providers and ranked for choice with emphasis on the desired outcome |
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implementing |
*best plan is presented to administrators for funding *obtaining and managing the resources to operationalize the program in a way that is consistent with the plan and also requires accountability and responsibility *participation in this phase increases the sense of community ownership of the program and the chances for success |
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program management |
*assessing *planning *implementing *evaluating |
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assessing |
when to make a decision to develop a program (through needs assessment and defining a problem) |
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goal setting |
where they want to be at the end of the program (goal setting) |
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planning |
how to decide what to do to have a successful program (planning) |
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implementing |
how to develop a plan to go from where they are so they will know where they want to be (implementing) |
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evaluating |
*how to know that they are getting there (formative evaluation) *what to measure to know that the program has successful outcomes (summative evaluations) |
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community assessment |
*Phase I *comprehensive, population-focused approach that views the entire community as the client for the purpose of identifying the most vulnerable populations, determining unmet health needs, and assessing the current services available and the community environment *begins with the collection of existing data (secondary data) on variables that characterize the population such as demographic data (age, sex, ethnicity, income, occupation, education, health status) *new data may be collected through surveys or interviews |
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population assessment
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*Phase II *systematic appraisal of type, depth, and scope of problems as perceived by clients or health providers or both. *focuses on the characteristics of a specific population, it's health needs, and the resources available to address those needs *determines gap in or duplication of needed services (availability), examines the quality of existing resources to meet the identified needs (adequacy), and identifies barriers to the use of existing resources (accessibility) |
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evaluation process
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1. engage the stakeholders 2. describe the program 3. focus on the evaluation design 4. gather credible evidence 5. justify conclusions 6. ensure use and share lessons learned |
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engage the stakeholders |
this includes those who are involved in planning, finding, and implementing the program, those who are affected by the program, and the intended users of its services |
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describe the program
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the program description should address the need for the program and should include the mission and goals. this sets the standard for judging the results of the evaluation |
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focus on the evaluation design
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describe the purpose for the evaluation, the users who will receive the report, how it will be used, the questions and methods to be used, the questions and methods to be used, and any necessary agreements |
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gather credible evidence |
specify the indicators that will be used, sources of data, quality of data, quantity of information to be gathered, and the logistics of the data gathering phase. data gathered should provide credible evidence and should convey a well-rounded view of the program |
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justify conclusions |
conclusions of the evaluation should be validated by linking them to the evidence gathered and then appraising them against the values or standards set by the stakeholders. approaches for analyzing, synthesizing, and interpreting the evidence should be agreed on before data collection begins to ensure that all needed information will be available |
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ensure use and share lessons learned |
use the dissemination of findings require deliberate effort so that the lessons learned can be used in making decisions about the program |
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various kinds of planning: program planning |
*strategic planning *management planning *program planning
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various kinds of planning: planning process |
*formulating *conceptualizing *detailing *evaluating *implementing *formulating objectives |
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various kinds of planning: planning for evaluation |
*identify: essential people for evaluation *meet: arrange for meeting on how to evaluate *begin process: begin evaluation process *examine literature: suggestions and techniques on how to evaluate *include goals and objectives: plan methodology *write the plan: outline mission and goals, type of evaluations, operational measures used, who will conduct the evaluation |
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program funding options |
*gifts *contracts *grants |
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gifts |
philanthropic contributions from individuals, foundations, businesses, religious or civic organizations, or voluntary associations |
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contracts |
*awarded for the performance of a specific task or service, usually to meet guidelines specified by the organization making the award *frequently used by the government to purchase services |
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grants |
*awards to non-profit organizations to allow recipients to implement activities fo their own design that address the interests of the funding agency *given by government, foundations, and corporations |
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needs assessment |
*accessibility: identifies barriers to the use of existing resources *adequacy: examines the quality of existing resources to meet the identified needs *availability: determines gaps in or duplications of needed services |
