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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology
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scientific study of behavior & mental processes
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What are the 4 Goals of Psychology?
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1. Describe
2. Understand 3. Predict 4. Control |
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Critical Thinking
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Ability to anazlyze, evaluate, critique, and synthesize information
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Scientific Method
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A way to answer questions that require empirical research (data) and data-based conclusions
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Hypothesis
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A testable prediction
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Theory
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Ideas that interrelates facts and concepts, summarizes exsisting data, predicts future obervations
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Experiment
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A formal trial taken to confirm or disconfirm a hypthesis
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Independent variable is also known as?
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The Cause
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This variable is mesaured, and given to the control group
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Dependent Variable
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The independen variable is ________ and given to the ________ group.
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manipulated, experimental
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This variable is known as the cause
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Independent Variable
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What is an example of a Placebo?
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A sugar pill
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Placebo Effect
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Results from expectations that a drug or other treatment will have some effect.
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What alters our expectations about emotional and physical reactions?
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A Placebo
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What are the two types of experiments?
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Single Blind & Double Blind
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Which of the two experiments are widely used?
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Single Blind
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Double Blind
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subjects and experimenters are NOT aware if subjects recieve the placebo
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Clinical Method
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studying psychological problems in a clinical setting
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Naturalistic Observation
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Observing behavior as it unfolds
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Survey Mehtod
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Using pu blic polling techniques to answer psychological questions.
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Case Study
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study one person, to reveal a universal principle
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Longitudinal Study
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study same group, over many years, to reveal a universal principle
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Cross Sectional
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study of multiple types of people, one time, to reveal universal principle
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Behavior
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Can be directly observed
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Cannot be directly observed
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Mental Processes
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Developmental Pyschology
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the study of proressive changes in behavior and bilities from conception to death
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What is heredity?
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Transmission of physcial and psychological characteristics, though genes.
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What molecule structure contains genetic information?
(known as "Genetic Blueprint") |
DNA (Deoxyribonuleic Acid)
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Genes' feature will appear each time the gene is present?
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Dominant
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Recessive Genes
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Genes' feature will appear only if it is paried with another recessive gene
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What are sensitive periods?
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Periods of increased sensitivity to genetics and influences.
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How genes does each person get?
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43
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What is capable of causing birth defects to an unborn fetus?
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Teratogens
ex. alcohol, smoking, lead, narcotics, diseases |
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What is mimicry?
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Imitate facial gestures and action
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What is the pattern of speech called when a person is talking to a baby?
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Parentese
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What are single idea sentences?
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Telegraphic speech
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What are the 4 Stages of Cognitive Development?
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1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational 3. Concerte Operational 4. Formal Operational |
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What did Jean Piaget call things kids can't do at certain stages?
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errors
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What is the difference between assimilation and accomodation?
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Assimilation is using exsisting schemas to understand new information, while accommodations are the changes of a schema based on new information
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Peek-A-Boo is an example of which Stage of Cognitive Development?
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Sensorimotor
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The thought that is unable to accomodate viewpoints of others is known as?
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Egocentric thought
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Who created the Stages of Cognitive Development?
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Jean Piaget
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Conservation and Reversibility of thought can be found in which Stage of Cognitive Development?
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Stage 3, Concrete operational
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What stage to you begin to "think about thinking" in Cognitive Development?
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Stage 4, Formal Operations
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What is a task?
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Establishing a balance between yourself and the social world
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How many stages of Pyshchological Development are there?
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8
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Living life with passion and without regrets is an example of what? What stage is it?
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Generativity, 7.
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Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
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Stage 2
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An over the top sports dad is an example of? What stage is it?
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inferiority, 4
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What is the last stage?
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Integrity vs despair
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What stage is the child complete dependent on others?
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Stage 1, Trust vs. Mistrust
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You can either have the ability to care, or the feeling of being alone at this stage.
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Stage 6, intimacy vs isolation
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When a parent discourages questions, it can cause what? Which stage is it?
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Guilt, Stage 3 (Initative vs. Guilt)
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Heredity is _____
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Nature
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Nuture is _____
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Enviroment
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What is the difference between a enriched or a deprived enviorment?
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Enriched has a good family base, very stimulating, while a deprived has a lack of normal, stimulation, nutriton, comfort, or love
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What are limits that a person's enviroment places on the effect of heredity?
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Reaction Range
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What is the "core" of personality?
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Temperament
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Temperament inclues?
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sensitivity, irritability, mood, and distractibility
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Signs of fear when a child is left alone is known as?
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Seperation anxiety
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What are the types of Attachments?
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Secure, Insecure-Ambivalent, Insecure-Avoidant
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Baby C, expolores freely, he is upset when mom leaves but is happy and calm when she returns
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Secure Attachment
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Baby A shows no emotion when mom leaves or returns
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Insecure-Avoidant
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Baby B does not explore when mom leaves and is undecided when she returns
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Insecure-Ambivalent
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Paternal Influences represent which parent?
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Father
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How many types of Parenting Styles are there?
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4
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When children feel unwanted and not value, what style of parenting is most likely being used?
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Neglectful
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Many rules, punishments, along with a true enforcer is what type of Parenting?
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Authoritarian
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What is the most effective Parenting Style?
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Authoritative
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When the parent tries to be the best friend, they are using this type of parenting.
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Overly Permissive
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At what age does a child really understand wrong and right?
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5 years old
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What is Moral Development?
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Values, beliefs, and thinking abilities
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What is Adolescence?
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Culturally defined as the period between childhood and adulthood?
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What is menarche?
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The onset of menstration, based on the amount of body fat.
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What is the difference between males & females developing early?
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Males can become more popular, dominant, more atheletic, but are more likely to get in trouble
Females can become less popular, have a poor self-image, and a victim of "mean girl" syndrome |
