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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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If you wanted to measure an object’s volume, what metric unit would you use? What English unit would you use?
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In the metric system volume is measured in:
Litres In the English system, it is measured in: gallons, pints, or quarts |
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How many centimetres are in 12 meters?
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Remember, we convert the number to a fractional form:
12 m over 1 Thus, 12 m is the same as 1,200cm |
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If an object has a mass of 75g, what is its mass in kg?
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We convert the number to a fraction form:
75g over 1 The objects mass is 0.075 kg |
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How many gallons of milk are in 0.5 litres of milk? (1 gal= 3.78L)
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Convert the number to a fractional form:
0.5 litres over 1, x 1 gal over 3.78litres There are 0.13 gal in half a liter. |
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Two different cleaning products have exactly the same active ingredient. One is “industrial strength” and cleans much more effectively than the other, which is “regular strength.” If they each have exactly the same active ingredient, what is the difference between the two cleaners?
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The difference is the concentration of the active ingredient.
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The concentration of any chemical affects how it works. In this case, the more concentrated the active ingredient, the better the cleaner.
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What is the greenhouse effect and why is it important for life on earth?
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The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases trap energy that is radiated from the earth. Without the greenhouse effect, the earth would be far too cold to support life.
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If you put a glass of water outside when the relative humidity is 100%, how quickly will the water evaporate?
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The water will not evaporate.
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Since the relative humidity is 100%, the air cannot hold any more water vapor. As a result, no water will evaporate from the glass.
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Why does sweating cool people down?
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Sweat cools you off because when it evaporates, it takes energy from your skin. When energy leaves your skin, it gets cooler.
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What makes up the majority of the air that we inhale?
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Nitrogen makes up the majority of the air we inhale (See figure 2.5)
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Do we exhale more carbon dioxide or more oxygen?
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We exhale more oxygen. (See figure 2.5)
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Is the air cleaner today or was it cleaner 30 years ago?
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The air is much cleaner today than 30 years ago. (See figure 2.9)
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Why do we have laws limiting the amount of ozone that can be produced by industrial plants and automobiles?
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Since ozone protects us from the ultraviolet rays of the sun, why don’t we want as much ozone produced as possible?
The regulations that limit ozone production are designed to reduce ground-level ozone, because ozone is poisonous for us to breathe. |
We want to increase the ozone levels in the ozone layer, where no one is breathing, but we want to decrease ozone anywhere that people breathe.
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The average, sea-level value for atmospheric pressure is 14.7 pounds per square inch, which is the same as 29.9 inches of mercury. If the atmospheric pressure is 1.04 atms, which of the following values would correspond to atmospheric pressure as reported in a weather report?
31.1 inches of mercury, 29.9 inches of mercury, 25.4 inches of mercury. |
An atmospheric pressure of 31.1 inches of mercury would be reported. Since 1.0 atm corresponds to the average, sea-level value of atmospheric pressure, 1.04 atms means that the atmospheric pressure is higher than average.
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Two vials contain air samples taken at different altitudes. The first is composed of 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, and 1% other. The second is 95% helium, 4% hydrogen, and 1 % other. Which came from the homosphere?
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The first came from the homosphere.
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In the homosphere, the mixture of gases in the air is the same throughout. It is the mixture we learned in Module #2. The heterosphere has many different compositions, depending on altitude.
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Name the three regions of the homosphere, from lowest to highest?
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Troposphere
Stratosphere Mesosphere |
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In which regions of the homosphere does temperature decrease with increasing altitude? In what region does temperature increase with increasing altitude?
In the troposphere and mesosphere, the temperature decreases with increasing altitude, while just the opposite occurs in the stratosphere. |
In the troposphere and mesosphere, the temperature decreases with increasing altitude, while just the opposite occurs in the stratosphere.
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In what region of the homosphere does most of the earth’s weather occur?
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The majority of earth’s weather occurs in the troposphere
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You have two samples of liquid. The first has a significantly higher temperature than the second. In which sample do the molecules move more slowly?
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The molecules move more slowly in the sample that has the lower temperature, which is the second sample.
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Why is the “ozone hole” a seasonal event that is localized mostly over Antarctica?
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The “ozone hole” is caused by certain ozone-destroying agents which work only in the presence of the Polar Vortex. Since the Polar Vortex happens only in Antarctica and only during one part of the year, the ozone hole forms only during one part of the year and mostly over Antarctica.
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The natural gas that you burn in a stove or furnace is composed primarily of methane, a molecule with one carbon atom (C), and four hydrogen atoms (H). What is the chemical formula of methane?
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CH4
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Plants manufacture glucose for food. If the chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, how many atoms are in a molecule of glucose?
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There is a subscript of 6 after C, indicating six atoms there. The next letter is capital, so it must represent another atom. There is a subscript of 12 after it, indicating 12 of those. The next capital letter has a subscript of 6, indicating 6 more atoms. Thus, there are a total of 24 atoms in the molecule.
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A molecule is composed of atoms that all pull on electrons with the same strength. Will this molecule be nonpolar?
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The molecule will be nonpolar. If the atoms all pull on electrons with the same strength, none will be able to get more than its fair share.
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Carbon disulfide will not dissolve in water. Is it made of ionic molecules, polar molecules, or nonpolar molecules?
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Carbon disulfide must be nonpolar, otherwise it would have dissolved in water.
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What is responsible for the fact that, unlike virtually any other substance in the world, solid water (ice) is lighter than an equal volume of liquid water?
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Hydrogen bonding is responsible.
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Hydrogen bonding brings the molecules close together and makes them want to stay close together, but that can only happen in the liquid state.
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