Q3 Science

Front 1

system involved in sexual reproduction

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reproductive system

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male reproductive cell

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sperm

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protective fluid around sperm

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semen

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produce, maintain, and transport sperm and semen

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reproductive system in men

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produces and secretes male sex hormones (testosterone & androgen)

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male reproductive system

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2 male sex hormones

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androgen

testosterone

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produces sperm cells

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testis

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also known as testicles

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testis

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male gonad is called

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testis

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coiled threadlike tubules that make up the testis where sperms are produced

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seminiferous tubules

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sac of skin that holds testis

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scrotum

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deposits sperm into vagina when mating

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penis

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where the sperm cells are stored

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epididymis

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carries sperm from testes to urethra

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vas deferens

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carries sperm and urine out of the body

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urethra

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provide liquin in which sperm can swim

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glands

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4 male reproductive glands

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seminal, prostate, bulbourethral, cowper's glands

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secretes a fluid that makes up most of the component of the semen

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seminal vesicle

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secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that is discharged as part of the semen

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prostate gland

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secretes a thick and clean mucus that lubricates and neutralizes any trace of acidic urine in the urethra

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bulbourethral gland `

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pea sized gland

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cowper's gland

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produce thick and clear mucus prior to ejaculaton that drains into spongy urethra

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cowper's gland

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8 parts of male reproductive system

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testes, scrotum, epididymis, seminiferous tubules, penis, vas deferens, urethra, glands

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6 functions of female reproductive system

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1. produces female egg cells

2. transports eggs to the site of fertilization

3. fertilization of egg by sperm in fallopian tubes

4. provides baby to develop

5. designed to mesntruate

6. produces female sex hormones (progesterone and estrogen)

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produces egg cells

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ovary

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passageway from ovary to uterus

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fallopian tube/oviduct

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site for fertilization

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fallopian/oviduct

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site of egg implantation

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uterus

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where fertilized eggs develop

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uterus

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receives penis during mating

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vagina

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small, fingerlike projections connected to ovary

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fimbriae

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when does menstruation occur?

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every month from between 10yrs old to 13 yra old first onset

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menstruation continues for about

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for about 40 years

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the breakdown of uterus wall lining and its dischrarge through vagina with small amount of blood and cells

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menstruation

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first menstrual period is called

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menarche

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hormonal process that occur every month to prepare for a possible pregnancy

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menstrual cycle

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menstrual cycle is controlled by

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progesterone, estrogen, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone

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secretion of these hormones in menstrual cycle are controlled by

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interacting positive and negative feedback loops

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results of strong contractions of uterine wall

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menstrual cramps

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cramps can be caused by excessive secretions of

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prostaglandins

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group of lipids made at the site of tissue damage

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prostaglandins

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how many days is the normal menstrual cycle

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28 days

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4 phases of menstrual cycle

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1. flow/menstrual phase

2. follicular phase

3. ovulation phase

4. luteal phase

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the release of egg from ovary

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ovulation

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ovulation usually occurs approximately ___ days until next peiod

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14 days

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egg can survive _____ before it must be fertilized

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24 hours

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signs of oluvation

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change in cervical mucous

rise in body temperature

abdominal pain

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you are considered most fertile when

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when mucous becomes clear, slippery, and stretchy

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rise in body temp during ovulation is caused by

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progesterone

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tips to feel better during menstruation

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do light exercise, hug a heating pad, drink water, eat good-for-you foods, avoid caffeine, sleep well

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caffeine can give you what feeling

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achy, crampy, bloated feeling

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phase when endometrium is shed

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flow/menstruation phase

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body changes in response to stress?

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dilated pupils, pale skin, trembling, rapid heartbeat

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smallest gland, "third eye"

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pineal gland

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pituitary gland is located at

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the brase of the brain

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antidiuretic hormone

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vasopressin

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group of hormones derivwd from cholesterol that regulate physiological processes

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steroid hormone

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d1-5

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flow/menstruation phae

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d6-13

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follicular phase

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d14

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ovulation phase

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d15-28

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luteal phase

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hyperfunction of pituitary

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gigantism

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hypofunction of pituitary

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dwarfism

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overproduction og growth hormone during adolescence

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gigantism

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abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland

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goiter

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under/overproduction of thyroid glands

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goiter

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symptoms of goiter

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breathing & swallowing difficulty, hoarse voice, enlargement of thyroid

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possible cause of osteoporosis

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parathyroid hormone secretion

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5 diabetes symptoms

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always tired, vaginal itchiness, blurry version, sexual problems, frequent urination

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examples of homologous structure

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upper limbs of human & bats

limbs of dogs and whales

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ex. of analogous structure

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bird & insect wings

octopus and human eyes

whales and bats' echolocation

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estrogen and progesterone are low, but high fsh

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menstrual phase

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uterus sheds its lining

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menstrual phase

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also known as flow phase

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menstrual phase

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follicles grow and mature

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follicular phase

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secretes estrogen: endometrium thickens and stimulates LH

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follicular phase

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high levels of FSH

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follicular

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rapid release in LH

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ovulation phase

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follicle ruptures open

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ovulation phase

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starts when rising estrogen level signal the pituitary

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ovulation phase

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the egg can survive for abt ________ before it must be fertilized

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24 hrs

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LH peaks, causing secondary oocyte to burst

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ovulation phase

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day 14

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ovulatin ohase

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if mature egg is fertilized, body will produce HCG

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luteal phase

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keep the uterine lining thick

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luteal phase

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day 15-28

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luteal phase

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endometrium thickens and maintained

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luteal phase

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inhibit LH and FSH

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luteal phase

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day 1-5

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menstrual phase

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if a body part were used, it got stronger

if it weren't, it deteriorated

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theory of use and disuse

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evolution of giraffe's neck is an example of

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acquired inheritance

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"in order for an organism to evolve, it mist need the structure"

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theory of need by lamarck

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why is acquired inheritance wrong

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only traits linked to DNA can be passed to offspring

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where did darwin explored (island)

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Galapagos island

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individuals within the a population with themost favorable traits for an evironment survive

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theory of natural selection

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he follicle to develop after ovulation to secrete progesterone?

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LH

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overproductio9n of offsrping leads to

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competition

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over many generations, there is a change in allele frequency

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selection

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pabida

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clear