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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aim |
An aim is a general statement as to why the study is being conducted |
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Hypothesis |
A hypothesis is a - clear statement -prediction -Testable -formulated at the beginning of the research process |
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What is the independent variable |
An aspect of the experiment that can be changed by the experimenter |
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Dependant variable |
The dependant variable is the thing that is measured |
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What is an extraneous variable |
An extraneous variable is something that can affect the experiment that isn’t the independent variable or dependant variable |
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What is an extraneous variable |
An extraneous variable is something that can affect the experiment that isn’t the independent variable or dependant variable |
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What is standardisation and how can an experiment be standardised |
Standardisation is a way that experimenters can control extraneous variables. It can be done using standard instructions or a standardised debrief. |
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What is a laboratory experiment |
A lab experiment is an experiment that gives the experimenter control over what happens. They can establish cause and effect. |
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What are the advantages to lab experiments |
Lab experiment advantages : - It is possible to claim the IV is the cause -Extraneous variables can be controlled -It can be replicated |
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What are the disadvantages to lab experiments |
Lab experiments are: - Low in ecological validity since they take part in an artificial setting - Extraneous variables outside the experimenters control may still be present - The experiment can still be affected by things such as experimenter bias or demand characteristics are |
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What is a field experiment |
A field experiment is an experiment that takes place in the natural world.Participants are unaware that they are part of a study.The independent variable is still manipulated . |
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What are the are the advantages to a field experiment |
advantages of a field experiment : - Happen in the real world and are therefore high in ecological validity. - Are void of experimenter effects since participants are unaware they are part of an experiment |
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What are the disadvantages to field experiments |
The disadvantages of field experiments - Extraneous variables are hard to control -can be time consuming and expensive -cannot allow for voluntary informed consent or right to withdraw |
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What is a natural experiment |
A natural experiment experiment is where the experimenter does not change the IV. The conditions are fixed by natural occurrence. |
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What are the advantages to natural experiments |
- the researcher does not control the IV and therefore ne’s are the highest in ecological validity -They are useful when variables cannot be manipulated |
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What are the disadvantages to natural experiments |
- the experimenter has no control over Extraneous variables and therefore cause and effect cannot be identified - Are time limited as the experimenter has to wait for interesting thing to occur |
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What are independent groups |
- Each participant is selected randomly for one group - less likely to experience practice or order effects - less likely to guess demand characteristics -is effected by participant variables |
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What is repeated measures |
- Each participant appears in all conditions -minimises participant variables -practice effect is more likely |
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What are matched pairs |
-matched pairs means that a participant will only take part in one condition and will be matched on a key variable to another participant. -This minimises participant variables, order/practice effect and demand characteristics. -takes a long time to match the pairs |
