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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The 3 types of pumping appliance? |
The pump- attend almost all incidents that require only one appliance e.g people stuck in a lift, or incidents on their ground, some carry an LPP and they have a 9m ladder, minimum crew of 4 The pump ladder- main rescue appliance at a 2 pump station, used if no other pump around and carries the 13.5m ladder and rescue equipment for people trapped and other special service equipment and must be crewed by a minimum of 4 Dual purpose pump ladders- found at all stations with one pump only, cover all calls on their ground have both ladders and must be crewed by 5 |
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How much water is on a fire appliance? |
1365 litres and 80 litres of foam |
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What should be done if something is defective or lost? |
Let the appliance commander know if it is lost and if it is stolen then the police need to be contacted |
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What are two main reasons for pressure loss in hose lines? |
Frictional loss Gravity when working above water source/pump |
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What are factors that affect pressure loss? |
Internal diameter of hose Output of flow water Height in metres above/below water source Length of hoseline |
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How much bar pressure loss is there per hose? |
70mm- 0.2 bar 45mm- 1 bar |
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How does gravity affect pressure loss? |
10m above pump level is loss of 1 bar 10m below pump level is gain of 1 bar Or 0.1 per metre |
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Who calculates the pressure due to friction and gravity? |
The branch operator |
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Over running your supply what can you do? |
Better water source Remove a jet Reduce flow rate Reduce pressure Remove team |
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What is a pump? |
A machine, driven by external pressure to give energy to fluid |
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What is a centrifugal pump? |
Main pump that fire brigades use, impeller spins the object round then using a volute converts kinetic energy into pressure energy |
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What is a universal multi-pressure pump? (UMP pump) |
You have a low pressure impeller as well as a peripheral impeller Peripheral impeller can create 4-5 times more pressure than low pressure and hose reels typically produce 35-40 bar at 115-150lpm Godiva World Series is the one used in LFB and it is a centrifugal 2 stage pump that can: supply high volumes of water at low pressure, low volumes of water at high pressure and both high and low pressure at the same time |
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Increases/decreases in low pressure gauge and what they mean? |
Increase: branches being shut down, kinks in delivery hoses, vehicles/debris on delivery hose Decrease: branches being opened, burst delivery hose, tank empty Pulse spraying will cause temporary fluctuations in low pressure gauge reading |
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Pump operating skills? |
Communicate with branch operators to establish settings - must take into account water available Monitor gauges to make sure: supply not being overrun, correct pressure being delivered to branches, pump is performing correctly Avoid getting drawn into only what’s happening in pump bay Should be observant of whole incident so they can react to a situation e.g low water or branch out of control Monitor branch, ground and alp if in view and have communication via radio Consider parking appliance appropriately so pump operator can see hazard areas |
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What are the 4 reasons to reduce from high to low pressure? |
Reduce fuel Reduce emissions Reduce noise Prevent over heating |
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What is a primer? |
A device that can pump air |
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Factors affecting maximum theoretical lift from open water? |
Overcoming inertia- energy used to get water moving Frictional loss- water coming into contact with the walls of the hose Pump entry loss- as it comes into the pump it needs to turn round bends which slows it down Imperfect vacuum- it is not being lifted in a restive in a lab Temperature- hotter water is harder to lift Atmospheric pressure- 1 bar everywhere, higher up less pressure on water |
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What is the maximum lift from open water practically? |
8 metres |
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What is the hard suction hose? |
2.44m long and 100mm diameter Connected together by threaded couplings using suction wrenches Made to withstand external pressure, prevents collapse when vacuum created and when atmospheric pressure presses on the outside Fitted with internal washer on female coupling |
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Practical safety considerations when lifting from open water? |
All staff working near water to be aware of danger Make sure appliance is on safe ground If water is risk make allowance for flow of water At night set up lighting to make area safer (especially lightweight pumps) Be aware that water can spread disease so exercise care |
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Reasons why a pump fails to prime? |
Suction strainer not submerged enough Air leak in suction hose Loose/faulty suction points Open drain cock Delivery valve not seated Defective seal Serious leak in pipes/ connections leading to gauges Defective primer Compound gauge damper closed- showing no vacuum reading although pump has primed (open delivery) |
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Why would there be an increase vacuum reading on compound gauge? |
Level of supply dropped Suction strainer blocked Branches opened Burst delivery hose |
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Reasons why a decrease in vacuum reading in compound gauge? |
Level of supply raised Branches shut down Slight air leak in suction side of pump |
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If pump fails to achieve a lift (from open water) but there is a very high vacuum reading on compound gauge, what 2 causes may be considered? |
Blocked suction strainer Faulty suction hose |
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What are the centrifugal stage two pumps used for? (3 reasons) |
Supply high volumes of water at low pressure Low volumes of water at high pressure Both high and low pressure at the same time |
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What type of primer does the appliance have? |
An automatic positive displacement reciprocating piston pump |
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What are the pump operators responsibilities? |
The supply is not being overrun The correct pressure is being delivered to branches The pump is performing correctly |
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What does the PTO do? |
Transfers the engine power from the road wheels to the appliance pump |
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Types of pump in a water relay? |
Base pump Intermediate pump Foreground pump |
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Types of water relay? |
Closed circuit- where water is pumped through hose direct using appliances and LPP’s one to the next Open circuit- where water is pumped through hose to portable dams, reservoirs or tanks before entering the inlet of the next pump in the relay |
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Max number of hoses between lengths water relay? |
8 x 70mm 6 x 70mm when 10% slope 15 x 90mm 12 x 90mm when 10% slope |
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What pressure does a water relay need to be at? |
2 bar |
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When to go into Stage 2 on ECB? |
Minimum LFF as ECPS More than one ECP More than 6 wearers Complex layout to building Operations likely to be protracted Guidelines required Risk presented to teams is higher level than BA emergency provision, needing BA emergency teams EDBA is required BA telemetry repeater our leaky feeder is deployed Confirmed basement fire Emergency teams have been committed Chemical protective suit worn and out of sight of ECP When using hi ex foam When other agencies are being committed in BA Note: both emergency and relief teams must be established at stage 2 |
