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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is orgin for pectoralis major?
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Clavicle, sternum and costal cartilages 1-6, rectus sheath
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what is insertion for pectoralis major?
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humorous
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what is innervation for pectorlis major?
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medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5 through T1)
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what is action of pectoralis major?
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entire muscle will do adduction and internal rotation, clavicular and sternocostal parts do flexion, assist in respiration when shoulder is fixed.
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what is orgin of pectoralis minor?
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3-5 ribs
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what is insertion of pectoralis minor?
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coracoid process
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what is innervation of pectroalis minor?
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medial pectoral (C8,T1)
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what is action for pectoralis minor?
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Draws scapula dsownward, causing either inferior angle to move posteromedially; rotates glenoid inferiorly and assists in respiration.
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what is orgin for serratus anterior?
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1-9th ribs
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what is insertion for serratus anterior?
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scapula
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what is innervation for serratus anterior?
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long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
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what is action of serratus anterior?
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superior part lowers the raised arm, the entire muscle draws scapula laterally forward, elevates ribs when shoulder is fixed. The inferior part rotates scapula laterally
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What part of the pericardial sac lies most superficially within the chest cavity and would be easiest to get to with a needle?
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Fibrous pericardium.
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What part of the heart lies directly within this pericardial sac area?
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Right ventricle because of the heart orientation in the chest cavity
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what external anotomical landmarks would help you find pericardial sac?
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5th and 6th intercostal space. Angle of Louis to determine 2nd rib/intercostal space. Xyphoid can also help.
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What nearby internal structures would you be worried about injuring when entering pericardial sac and try to avoid?
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Lung, heart, liver when using the xyphoid process technique
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what is orgin for transversus thoracis?
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Sternum and xiphoid process
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what is insertion for transversus thoracis
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2-6 ribs
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what is pattern for transversus thoracis?
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they run from sternum across costal cartilage and fan out like butterfly on back of sternum
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What are the anterior perforating arteries and veins and where do they emerge? What are they branches of?
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Arises from the internal thoracic artery/internal mammary artery. The perforating arteries comprise part of the blood supply to the pectoralis major and the overlying tissue and skin. The second, third and fourth perforating branches give off medial mammary branches
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internal thoracic artery= ______
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internal mammary artery
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internal mammary artery= ____
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internal thoracic artery
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where (generally) along the rib is the exit/entry point for the collaterals of the intercostal artery/vein/nerve? Where is the intercostal vascular bundle and how is it organized?
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neurovascular bundle that runs within the costal groove of each inferior angle of the ribs gives off collateral branches that run along the superior aspect of the rib below; these run NAV rather than VAN. The intercostal vascular bundle.Exits/Enters along the angle of the rib and typically run along the ntr. They are organized as follows: VAN
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where does phrenic nerve travel?
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though mediastinum and on pericardiu,
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the innominate vein and artery are the same as ___
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brachiocephalic artery and vein
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describe the location of the cupola of the pleural cavity. What resides in this area?
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cupola is located at the apex of the superior lobe bilaterally. It is a dome shaped layer of the parietal pleura lining the cervical extension of the pleural cavity. It is 3-4 cm above the first costal cartilage. The innominate vein and artery cross over the first rib, careful with a central line because of these structures. Thoracic duct is also in this area
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what is the pulmonary ligament?
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not a true ligament. It is a thin, blade like fold of pleura that projects inferiorly from the root of the lung and extends from the hilum to the mediastinum. It may stabilize the position of the inferior lobe and may also accommodate the up and down translocation of structures in the root during breathing.
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how many cevical> throacic> and lumbar vertabrea?
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7
12 5 |
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true ribs= ___
false ribs=___ floating ribs=___ |
1-7
8-10 11-12 |
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what is unique about cervical vertebrae?
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transverse foramen and bifid spinus process
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name te two parts of the hip
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iliac crest
posterior superior illiac spine |
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what is top part of sternum called?
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manubrium
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what is innermost abdominal layer?
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transverse thoracis
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what is innervation of internal intercostal?
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1-11 intercostral nerve
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what does internal intercostal do?
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lowers ribs during expiration
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what does external intercostals do?
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raise ribs during inspiration and stabalize chest wall
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what is innervation for transverse thoracis?
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2-7th intercostal nerve
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what is purpose of transverse thoracis?
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weakly lower ribs during expiration
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what is btwn lungs?
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mediastinum
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what is endothoracic fascia?
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connective tissue that adhers pleura to chest wall
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what is the connective tissue that adhers pleura to chest wall?
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endothoracic fascia
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what connects to inferior lobe?
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pulmonary ligament
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what makes up brachiocephalic vein?
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internal jugular and subclavian vein
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what does ascending aorta branch off into?
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brachiocephalic
left common carotid left subcalavian |
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what does ligamentum arteriorum do?
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connects pulmonary trunk to arch of aorta
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what connects pulmonary trunk to arch of aorta?
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ligamentum anteriorium
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what does brachiocephalic branch into?
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right subclavian and right common carotid
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name all the part of a vertebra that articulate with another vertebra?
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superior and inferior artcular facets
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name all the parts of vertebra that create the site of exit of a spinal nerve. how is each vertebra related to spinal nerve that emerges above it? below it?
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superior and inferior vertebral notch
cervical nervves are numbered according to which vertebrae they exit above. the thoracic vertebrae are numbered according to the vertabrea they exit below |
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what featrure is unique to all htoracic vertebrae?
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costal facets
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how many rib pairs articulate directly with sternum?
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7
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what is name for type of joint true ribs make with sternum?
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costochondrial joint
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what type of joint to floating ribs create?
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synovial interchondral joint
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what is the costal groove and why is it there?
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a groove btwn the ridge of internal surface of riba nd inferior border it protects the intercostal nerve and vessles
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which part of rib is most fragile?
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angle
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how many ribs does the manubrium articulate with?
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1 pair of ribs (first true rib)
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what are the borders of the superior thoracic aperture?
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1st rib, border of manubrium and first thoracic vertebreae
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what are borders of inferiro throacic aperture?
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12th thoracic vertebrae
12 rib inferior costal margin |
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what is thoracic outlet syndrome?
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syndrome involving compression at superior thoracic outlet wherein excess pressure placed on neurovascular bundle passing between the anterior scaling and middle scaling muscles
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hat is the marker for finding the left recurrent laryngeal nerve? (ie What structure does it wrap around prior to ascending in the neck?)
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ligamentum arteriosum``
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what are the pericardial sinuses and where can you find them?
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Transverse- passage in the pericardial sac between the aorta and pulmonary artery in the front and superior vena cava behind, it is formed as a result of the flexure of the heart tube, partially approximating the great venous and arterial vessels.
Oblique-recess in the pericardial cavity posterior to the base of the heart bounded laterally by the pericardial reflections on the pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava, and posteriorly by the pericardium overlying the anterior aspect of the esophagus- |
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what are branches of Left coronary artery?
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anterior IV (aka LAD)
and circumflex |
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what is another name for anterior IV?
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LAD
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what is a CABG?
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the internal thoracic artery or vein grafts are used to shunt blood form aorta to branches of coronary arteries beyond occlusion
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what do corda tendane attach to?
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AV valve
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what do papillary muscles do?
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contract during systole and help prevent valve prolapse
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why is pause at AV node important?
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to allow ventricles to fill before contraction
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what is the cardiac plexus?
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network of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers located in concavity of aortic arch
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what acts in oppostion to sympathetics?
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vagus
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what is the septomarginal trabecula?
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moderator band
muscular ridge of myocardium extending from right ventricles septal wall to antreior papillary muscle |
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where does azygus drain?
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superior vena cava
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which side is hemiazygus located on?
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left
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where does thoracic aorta start?
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T5-T4
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where does esophagus enter abdomen?
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T10
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where does superior vena cava drain?
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right atria
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what does vagus nerve turn into around the aorta?
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left reccurrent laryngeal
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the internal mammary branches off of the ___
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subclavian
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where is transverse sinus located?
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in front: between aorta and pulmonary artery
in back: superior vena cava |
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what are boundaries of oblique sinus?
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pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava
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what drains the intercostals?
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azygous
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what comes off internal mammary artery?
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perforating artery
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what does azygus drain to?
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vena cava
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what does not drain to coronary sinus?
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anterior cardiac vein
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what does great cardiac vein travel with?
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anterior IV
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what color pin for right coronary artery
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orange
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where does hemizygus cross?
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T9
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which side is hemizygus?
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left
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where is azygus?
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right
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what does the recurent laryngeal nerve wrap around?
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ligamenum arteriosum
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at what level does descending aorta enter abdomen?
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T10
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what does posterior mediastinum contain?
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esophagus, thoracic duct, trachea
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what is it called before bronchi branch?
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carina
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where does superior vena cava drain?
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right atrium
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where is phrenic nerve?
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embedded in right atrium
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what does middle cardiac vein run with?
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posterior IV
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where is pectinate muscle found?
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atria
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where is chordae tendane found?
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ventricle
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where is papillary muscle found?
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ventricle
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where is trabeculea carne a found?
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ventricle
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what is special about the middle lobe?
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it can't be seen in the back
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____>internal mammary> _____
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subclavian
perforating artery and vein |
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which side of heart has moderator band?
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right
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what does recurrent laryngeal come from?
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vagus
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what does vagus turn into?
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recurrent laryngeal
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what is found in ventricle and is not papillary muscle or corda tendane?
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trabeculae carnae
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what is found in ventricle and is not papilllary muscle or trabeculea carne?
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corda tendane
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what runs above the interventricular septum?
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septum
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