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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does the viral inflammatory response look like?
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- consists mostly of chronic inflammatory cells including: lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages (only a few PMNs)
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what is cytomegalovirus (CMV)? who does it affect? what do the cells look like?
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- herpesvirus
- usually asymptomatic in normal hosts - in neonates & immunosuppressed get severe disseminated disease - cells are enlarged w/ intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions |
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what is histoplastmosis? where does it come from? what does it look like histologically?
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- endemic in Mississippi/Ohio river & Caribbean
- inhalation of dust w/ bird or bat droppings - necrotizing granulomas, smaller than RBCs, yeast on silver or PAS stain - may be self limiting or not depending on whether or not pt is immunocompromised (becomes disseminated) |
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what does histo look like histologically in immunocompromised vs normal pt?
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- in normal pt can form necrotizing granulomas & can be self limiting
- in immunocompromised you get numerous organisms in the macrophages |
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what is coccidiomycosis? where is it found? what does it look like histologically?
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- Endemic in western & southwestern US & Mexico
- Necrotizing granulomas - Neutrophils (so diff than most viral pneumonias) - Bigger spores than Histo (bigger than RBCs) - usually self limited - "valley fever" |
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what is blastomycosis? where is it found? what does it look like histologically?
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- Central & south central USA, Canada
- Suppurative granulomas w/ neutrophils - Broad-based budding - Multiple nuclei, in upper lobes, usually self-limited or sometimes just skin involvement |
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who divides by broad based budding? who does narrow based budding?
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- blastomyces
- cryptococcus |
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what is cryptococcosis? where is it found? what does it look like histologically?
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- Immunosuppressed (AIDS, lymphoma/leukemia, steroids) = disseminated disease
- Dust with bird (pigeon) droppings - Lung infections, meningoencephalitis - necrotizing granulomas, mucinous capsule - Ink preparation, mucicarmine stain, PAS or silver |
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who stains with a mucinous capsule stain?
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- cryptococcus
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what is aspergillosis? what is the difference b/w immunocompetent vs immunocompromised host? what does it look like histologically?
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- fungi, invasive form in immunocompromised patient
- immunocompetend: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, fungus ball (aspergilloma) - immunocompromised: invasive aspergillosis - parallel walls, septated, branch at 45 degree angles |
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what is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis? what does it look like histologically?
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- immunocompetend host
- colonization of bronchial mucosa w/ hypersensitivity - seen in asthmatics, may complicate CF - Tx: steroids - histology: mucus plugs in bronchus, eosinophilic pneumonia, bronchocentric granulomatosis |
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what is a fungus ball?
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- immunocompetent host, aspergillus
- colonization of pre-existing cavity by fungi, see fungus balls & fruiting bodies |
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what is invasive aspergillosis?
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- immunocompromised host (leukemia, lymphoma, neutropenia, steroids)
- aspergillus - septate, hyphae, parallel walls, 45 degree angle branching - tends to invade blood vessels |
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what is mucormycosis (zygomycosis)? where does it invade? what does it look like?
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- infection in immunosuppressed patients, DKA, steroids neutropenia
- rhinocerebral, pulmonary infections - invades blood vessels - histology: non-septate hyphae, irregular walls, 90 degree branching |
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what is pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumia? what does it look like histologically?
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- opportunistic infection in those w/ depressed T cell immunity (AIDS pts with CD4 <200 cells/mm3)
- histology: "foamy" intraalveolar casts, inflammatory response may be absent |
