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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is tidal volume?
volume inspired/expired per breath
What is IRV?
maximum inspiration at end of tidal inspiration
What is ERC
maxium expiration at end of tidal expiration
What is TLC?
Volume in lungs after maximum inspiration
What is RLV?
volume in lung after maximum expiration
What is FVC
maximum volume expired after maximum inspiration
What is IC
maximum volume inspired followin tidal expiration
What if FRC
volume in lungs after tidal expiration
What is FEV1
forced expiratory volume in the 1st second of FVC
What are the critical values of FEV1?
>2 little or no obstruction.
<1 severe obstruction.
1-2 moderate.
how much FVC should be exhaled within 1 second in FEV1?
75%
Key values for FEV1/FVC ratio.
normal - 75%
obstructive <70%.
restrictive >80%.
How much improvement after taking bronchodilators indicates a reversible disease?
>15%
what is a sign of retaining too much CO2?
confusion, sluggishness.
what kind of exercise for bad bad shape pulmonary patient?
interval training
what condition causes abnormal and permanent enalrgement of alveoli with alveolar wall destruction?
emphysema
what are clinical signs of ephysema?
dyspnea,
prolonged expiration.
barrel chest.
flat diaphragm, hyper inflation.
decreased BS, possiible wheezes or crackles.
what is bullous emphysema?
alveolar sacs lose the eleasticity and trap the aior
what are the treatment for bullous emphysema?
pulmonary PT, low flow O2, lung volume reduction surgery.
What 5 conditions reduce chest wall compliance?
1. SCI.
2. kyphoscoliosis.
3. obesity.
4. trauma or rib fracture.
5. burn injury.
What 6 conditions reduce lung compliance?
1. ARDS.
2. IPF.
3. Pneumonia.
4. Sarcoidosis.
5. Pulmonary Edema.
6. Pulmonary Emboli.
what systems to cystic fibrosis effect?
pulmonary, pancreatic, GI tract
whta are clinical signs of cystic fibrosis?
carckles, rales, t/o both lung fields, increased fatigue and SOB.
increased sputum production, usually green and thick
febrile, weight loss, increased respiratory work.
clubbing, cyanosis.
what are treatments for cystic fibrosis?
PD, P&V, aerobic exercise, coughing exercises, mechanical devices. (PEP, flutter valve, HFCC vest, IPV.
Lung transplant.
What is bronchiectasis?
permanent abnormal dilation of bronchii.
destruction of elastic and muscular componenet of bronchii walls.
How to treat bronchiectasis?
PD and P&V. Increase exercising tolerance. Decrease respiratory work.
What are clinical signs of pneumonia?
bacterial: crackles, decreased or absent BS, produced cough with rust colored sputum.
Viral: fever, dyspnea, crackles, persistent non-productive cough.
How to treat pneumonia?
deep breathing exercises.
Coughing exercises.
Positioning. (for nosocomial).
Increased mobility.
What are signs of penumothorax?
sharp pain, dyspnea, decreased chest wall expansion, dry cough, tachycardia, tachypnea, mediastinal shift of trachea.
How to treat pneumothorax?
chest tube placement.
deep breathing exercises.
lateral costal expansion.
how to treat kyphoscoliosis?
deep breathing and alteral costal expansion exercises.
trunk/thorax mobility.
positioning, orthotic devices.
What is pulmonary hypertension?
high pressure in pulmonary artery causing right heart to work harder and building up pressure.
what is eisenmenger's syndrome?
a congenital defect of the septal. Privarily VSD can also occur with PDA.
Initially left to right shunt. Patient can live w/out symptoms into adulthood.
As pressure builds, a reversal of shunt now goes right to left. This develops pulmonary hypertension.
what are signs of eisenmenger's syndrome?
similar to pulmonary hypertension.
also cyanosis.
how to treat eisenmenger's syndrome?
surgical closure.