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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Speech skills are necessary for social beings
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social imperative (3)
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Speech skills are necessary for engaging in reflective complaining and compliments
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consumer imperative (4)
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Speech skills are necessary for studying ethics, practical pholosophy, and the eloquant expression of the human spirit
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intellectual imperative (4)
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direct, in person, spoken connections between people
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orality (6)
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a trabsaction among people in public, rather than interpersonal settings
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interactive process (7)
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source of the message
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speaker (8)
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factual content of the speecha nd the speaker's attitudes and values on the topic
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message (8)
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someone who recieves and interprets the message
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listener (8)
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messages your listeners send to you before, during, and after your speech
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feedback (8)
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the social expectations and cultural rules that come into play when speakers and listeners interact
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context (8)
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the consideration of how you are looking, ethically, to you audience
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ethos (9)
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credibility or reputation
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ethics (9)
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Finding a higher value or appeal that will transcend the differences of your audience
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skyhook principle (10)
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the primary reason you will speak in public
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general purpose (20)
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the concrete goals you wish to achieve in a particular speech
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specific purpose (2)
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the statement that caputes the essence of the information or concept you wish to communicate to an audience
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central idea
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putting yourself in your listeners shoes
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audience orientation (24)
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anxienty you feel in particular settings or situations
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state aprehension (30)
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level of anxiety as you face any communication situation
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trait aprehension (30)
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drawing together ideas or stereotypes held by a group, attatching them to people or events
(Speech tends to be...) |
interogative (52)
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repeating yourself in speaking, saying things on more than one way
(Speech tends to be...) |
redundant (52)
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a group's traditional beliefs and values reflected in public oral language
("Better safe than sorry") (Speech tends to be...) |
traditionalist (52)
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being specific and to the point
(Speech tends to be...) |
concrete (52)
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suggestion that when people gather to make decisions publically by speech, things get a little heated
(Speech tends to be...) |
agonistically toned (53)
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the audience's personal involvment
(Speech tends to be...) |
participatory (53)
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Dealing with issues in the here and now
(Speech tends to be...) |
situational (53)
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cultures that coexist in a society as relatively complete ways of life
(a.k.a women and men) |
co-cultures (54)
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smaller groups of people that define their lifestlyes at least in part by how they're different from the dominant culture
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subcultures (54)
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the recognition that a given country does not posess a unified culture
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Multiculturalism (54)
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habitual ways of thinking about positive and negative grounds for human thought and action
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value orientations (57)
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the variety of conceptial borders that can be put on a factually equivalent message
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rhetorical framing (61)
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the study of observable characteristics in a group of people
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demographic analysis (72)
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identifying what your listeners already thing and feel
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psychological profiling (75)
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convictions about what is true or false
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beliefs (76)
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tendencies to respond positively or negatively to people, objects, or ideas
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attitudes (77)
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basic concepts organazing one's orientation to life
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values (78)
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dividing your listeners into a series of subgroups or "target populations."
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audience segmentation (84)
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perception that all individuals in a group are the same
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stereotypes (87)
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firsthand accounts
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primary sources (92)
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accounts based on other sources of information other than firsthand
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secondary sources (92)
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searches in which you use such words as "and" or" or "not" to control the subject matter
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Boolean searches (94)
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way of obtaining answers to specific questions
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informational interview (99)
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made up examples
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hypothetical examples (102)
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recitations of events taht actually happened or people, places, and things that actually exist
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factual examples (102)
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numbers that show relationship between or among phenomena
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statistics (103)
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statistics that descripe a situation's seriousness
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Magnitudes (103)
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statistics used to isolate part of the problem caused by seperate factors, parts, or aspects
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segments (104)
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indicatiors that tell us about the past, the present, and the future
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trends (104)
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citiation of opinions or conclusion about others
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testimony (106)
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the unacknowledged inclusion of someone else's words, ideas, or data as ones own.
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plagiarism (107)
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order or sequence of ideas in a pattern that suggest thier relationship to each other
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organization (117)
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arranged ideas in a time sequence
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Chronological patterns (118)
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when the major points of the speech are organized by their position
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spatial patterns (118)
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speech organization that shows a relationship between cause and effects
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causal patterns (119)
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speech organization that lists aspects of persons, places, things, or processes
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topical patterns (12)
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beginning with what the auidience knows or believes and moving on to new or challenging ideas
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Familiarity-acceptance order (121)
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a step by step explanation of how you aqcquired information or reached a conclusion
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inquiry order (121)
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Speech organization used when advocating a change in action or thought
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problem-solution order (122)
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speech order that first surveys all the avaliable solutions and then systematically eliminates them until only one remains
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elimination order (122)
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outline that establishes the topic of your speech, clariefes your purpose, and identifies a reasonable number of subtopics
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rough outline (124)
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outline that uses key words or phtrases to jog your memory when you deliver your speech
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speaking outline (126)
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collection of facts and figures
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information (220)
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information that has been given human significance
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knowledge (220)
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defining concepts or processes in ways that make them relavent to listeners
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explanations (221)
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explanations that usually involve more elaboration and definitions to increase an audience's understanding of a particular field of knowledge
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lectures (221)
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the explanation and illustration of certain processes
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demonstrations (222)
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speech that arranges and interprets info gathered in response to a request made by a group
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oral report (222)
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the world of your own thoughts
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internal perceptual field (36)
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things in your physical environment that can distract you
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external perceptual field (37)
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5 types of listening
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Appreciative - focus on somthing other than primary message
Discriminative - drawing conclusions from way message is presented instead of whats being said Empathic listening - providing emotional support for speaker Listening for comprension - looking to gain further insight Critical Listening - interpreting and evaluating the message |
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RRA technique
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review, relate, and anticipate (41)
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concious examination of content and logic of a message
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critical thinking (45)
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what the listeners have heard first
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primacy effect
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what the listener heard last
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recency effect
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the factors of attention
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activity, reality, proximity, familiarity, novelty, suspense, conflict, humor, the vital.
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puting ideas into words or actions
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encoding (156)
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linking phrases that move an audience from 1 idea to another
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sighposts
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designation of using a word in a certain context
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stipulative definition (165)
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how you are not going to use an answer
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negative definition (165)
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giving the definition of a given word
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etymological definition (166)
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familiar examples
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Exemplar definitions (166)
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how a word is used in a specific situation
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contextual definition (166)
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comparing an unknown event with a known one
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analogical definition (167)
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types of speeches
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extemporaneous, impromptu, manuscript, and memorized.
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effective speaking voice:
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intelligibility, volume, rate, enunciation, dialect
variety, pitch, stress, empahsis |
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the use of space between human beings
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proxemics (185)
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nonverbal communication:
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posture, movement, affect displays (emotion on face), gestures
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cultural expectations for verbal communication
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scopic regime (198)
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visual aids;
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props,photos or slides, films,chalkboard, overhead,graphs (line, pie, bar), pictographs,tables, charts (flip, flow), models
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informative speeches
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explanation, lecture, demontration, oral report,
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geography sensitive lifestyle segmentation
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PRISM (243)
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impulse to satisfy a psychological-social want or biological urge
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motive need (248)
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visualization of a desire and a method for satisfiying it
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motivational appeal
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group of individual appeals grounded in same motivation
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motive cluster
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desire to belong to a group or to be accepted
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Affiliative motives (249)
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related to intrinsic or extrinsic desire for success
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achievment motives
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the desire to exert influences over others
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power motives
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