Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Ch. 15 Use Specific Evidence |
Use specific evidence rather than general |
|
|
Ch. 15 Present Novel Information |
New information to audience to make speech more persuasive |
|
|
Ch. 15 Use Credible Sources |
Use from reputable source |
|
|
Ch. 15 Credibility through persuasion |
Showing competence and character will be more persuasive |
|
|
Ch. 15 Initial Credibility |
Credibility a speaker has before the speech |
|
|
Ch. 15 Derived Credibility |
Credibility a speaker earns during speech |
|
|
Ch. 15 Terminal Credibility |
At end of speech |
|
|
Ch 15 Questions of Fact |
Addresses whether something is verifiably true or not -ex. who won last New York City Marathon |
|
|
Ch 15. Question of Value |
Addresses the merit or morality of an object, action or belief -ex. is it right to continue offshore drilling for oil even tho drilling presents risks to environment |
|
|
Ch 15. Questions of Policy & Organization of Speech |
Addresses the best course of action or solution to a problem -ex. how should federal gov. implement mandatory drug tests -gain immediate attention -call to action -gain passive agreement |
|
|
Ch. 15 Monroes Motivated Sequence |
1. attention- call attention to problem 2. need- need for change 3. satisfaction- specific solution 4. visualization- describe the benefits 5. action- call to action |
|
|
Ch 14 Fallacies
|
An argument that seem valid but is flawed due to unsound evidence or error in reasoning |
|
|
Ch 14 Ad Populum |
Convinces the audience that because something is popular it must be correct or right |
|
|
Ch 14 Appeal to Ignorance |
assumes that a lack of evidence proves or disproves the speakers claim "since you haven't proved your innocence I'm going to assume your guilty"
|
|
|
Ch 14 Appeal to Tradition |
argues for the continuation of a practice because it has always been done that way "of course we have to play __ at graduation because thats the song they always play" |
|
|
Ch 14 Begging the Question |
makes a circular argument whereby the speaker uses the same argument as both the evidence and claim |
|
|
ch 14 false analogy |
presents an analogy based on two things that are not essentially alike "since the state banned texting while driving to reduce accident rates, the state should also ban eating while driving" |
|
|
Ch 14 False Authority |
Cites a well-known person rather than evidence to prove a claim "jim has a doctorate in theology, and he says its okay to believe in the bible" |
|
|
Ch 14 False Cause |
argument tat makes a chronological relationship for a casual relationship - a speaker assumes that one event caused the second to occur |
|
|
Ch 14 Single Cause Fallacy |
Occurs when speakers oversimplify and assume a particular effect has only one cause -child obesity is just from unhealthy school lunches |
|
|
Ch 14 Nonsequitor |
makes a conclusion that doesn't follow logically from the premises "the gov needs to raise min wage if it wants to help put unemployed workers back into work force" |
|
|
Ch 14 Red herring |
introduction of irrelevant info into an argument to distract from real issue
|
|
|
Ch 14 Inductive Reasoning |
(argument by ex) process of reasoning that uses specific instances or exs, to make a claim about a general conclusion -Specific instance A -Specific instance B -Specific instance C -Claim based on the specific instances works best when it indicates something is expected to happen again |
|
|
Ch 14 Deductive Reasoning |
Process of reasoning that uses familiar and commonly accepted claim to establish the truth of a very specific claim -major premise-claim that states familiar, commonly accepted belief -minor premise-claim in an argument that states a specific instances linked to the major premise -conclusion |
|
|
Ch 14 Causal Reasoning |
Process of reasoning that supports a claim by establishing a cause-and-effect relationship -identifies the "if-then" relationship -it is effective b/c it allows you to link two events together |
|
|
Ch 14 Analogical Reasoning |
A process of reasoning by way of comparison and similarity that implies that because two things resemble each other in one respect, they also share similarities in another respect -to use effectively be sure what is being compared is truly alike -oranges and tangerines both have high vitamin C |
|
|
Ch 14 Reasoning by Sign |
Process of reasoning that assumes something exists or will happen based on something else that exists or has happened sign- something that represents something else -is strengthened when you can point to a repetition of one example to build a case -thing to consider when using this: *whether an alternative explanation is more credible *making sure a sign is not just an isolated instance * if you can find instances in which a sign doesn't indicate a particular event, it is not solid argument |
|
|
Ch 13 Condition of Equality |
In order to create this you must understand your audience members will have their own opinions on your issue their voices matter even if they are different from your own
|
|
|
Ch 13 Condition of Value |
It is important to establish that you understand some in the audience may have different views than you but they are still worth discussing |
|
|
Ch 13 Condition of Self-Determinition |
to recognize that audience are experts in their own lives- that they know what is best for them and have the right to make choices about their lives based on this knowledge |
|
|
Ch 13 Using Invitational Language |
-stay true to your purpose -share your perspective and listen carefully yo perspective of others -use invitational language -allow time for discussion |
|
|
Ch 11 Types of Visual Aids |
Objects Models Demonstrations Handouts Internet Images Poster Boards Powerpoint Slides |
|
|
Ch 10 Extemporaneous Delivery |
Carefully prepared and practiced speech from brief notes rather than from memory or manuscript -add keywords to outline -practice speech |
|
|
Ch 10 Impromptu Delivery |
Presenting a speech that has not been prepared or planned in advance -quickly decide main points -have subpoints |
|
|
Ch 10 Manuscript Delivery |
Speech read to an audience from a written text -make sound like speech not essay
|
|
|
Ch 10 Memorized Delivery |
presenting speech that has been written out, committed to memory, and given word for word use when short speech or when you want to say things in a specific way |
