Psyo 121 - Chapter 13: Social Psychology

Front 1

Social Psychology

Back 1

The study of the causes and consequences of sociality.

Front 2

Social Behaviour

Back 2

How people interact with each other.

Front 3

Social Influence

Back 3

How people change each other.

Front 4

Social Cognition

Back 4

How people think about each other.

Front 5

Aggression

Back 5

Behaviour with the purpose of harming another.

Front 6

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Back 6

A principle stating that animals aggress when their goals are thwarted.

Front 7

Cooperation

Back 7

Behaviour by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit.

Front 8

Group

Back 8

A collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others.

Front 9

Prejudice

Back 9

A positive or negative evaluation of another person based on their group membership.

Front 10

Discrimination

Back 10

A positive or negative behaviour toward another person based on their group membership.

Front 11

Common Knowledge Effect

Back 11

The tendency for group discussions to focus on information that all members share.

Front 12

Group Polarization

Back 12

The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than any member would have made alone.

Front 13

Groupthink

Back 13

The tendency for groups to reach consensus in order to facilitate interpersonal harmony.

Front 14

Deindividuation

Back 14

A phenomenon that occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less concerned with their personal values.

Front 15

Diffusion of Responsibility

Back 15

The tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way.

Front 16

Social Loafing

Back 16

The tendency for people to expend when in a group that when alone.

Front 17

Bystander Intervention

Back 17

The act of helping strangers in an emergency situation.

Front 18

Altruism

Back 18

Behaviour that benefits another without benefiting oneself.

Front 19

Kin Selection

Back 19

The process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with their relatives.

Front 20

Reciprocal Altruism

Back 20

Behaviour that benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future.

Front 21

Mere Exposure Effect

Back 21

The tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of exposure.

Front 22

Passionate Love

Back 22

An experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction.

Front 23

Companionate Love

Back 23

An experience involving afection, trust, and concern for a partner's well-being.

Front 24

Social Exchange

Back 24

The hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favourable ratio of costs to benefits.

Front 25

Comparison Level

Back 25

The cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserve or could attain in another relationship.

Front 26

Equity

Back 26

A state of affairs in which the cost-benefits ratios of two partners are roughly equal.

Front 27

Social Influence

Back 27

The ability to control another person's behaviour.

Front 28

Hedonic Motive

Back 28

People are motivated to experience pleasure and to avoid experiencing pain.

Front 29

Approval Motive

Back 29

People are motivated to be accepted and to avoid being rejected.

Front 30

Accuracy Motive

Back 30

People are motivated to believe what is right and to avoid believing what is wrong.

Front 31

Norms

Back 31

Customary standards for behaviour that are widely shared by members of a culture.

Front 32

Norm of Reciprocity

Back 32

The unwritten rule that people should benefit those that have benefited them.

Front 33

Normative Influence

Back 33

Another person's behaviour provides information about what is appropriate.

Front 34

Door-in-the-Face Technique

Back 34

An influence strategy that involves getting someone to deny an initial request.

Front 35

Conformity

Back 35

The tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it.

Front 36

Obedience

Back 36

The tendency to do what powerful people tell us to do.

Front 37

Attitude

Back 37

An enduring positive or negative evaluation of an object or event.

Front 38

Belief

Back 38

An enduring piece of knowledge about an object or event.

Front 39

Informational Influence

Back 39

Another person's behaviour provides information about what is true.

Front 40

Persuasion

Back 40

A person's attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person.

Front 41

Systematic Persuasion

Back 41

The process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason.

Front 42

Heuristic Persuasion

Back 42

The process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit or emotion.

Front 43

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

Back 43

Making a smaller request and then following it with a larger request.

Front 44

Cognitive Dissonance

Back 44

An unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs.

Front 45

Social Cognition

Back 45

The processes by which people some to understand others.

Front 46

Stereotyping

Back 46

The process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong.

Front 47

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Back 47

The tendency for people to behave as they are expected to behave.

Front 48

Stereotype Threat

Back 48

The fear of confirming the negative beliefs that others may hold.

Front 49

Perceptual Confirmation

Back 49

The tendency for people to see what they expect to see.

Front 50

Subtyping

Back 50

The tendency for people who receive disconfirming evidence to modify their stereotypes rather than abandon them.

Front 51

Attributions

Back 51

Inferences about the causes of people's behaviour.

Front 52

Correspondence Bias

Back 52

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution when we should instead make a situational attribution.

Front 53

Actor-Observer Effect

Back 53

The tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviours while making dispositional attributions for the identical behaviour of others.