Psychopathology Midterm

Front 1

DSM-I

Back 1

-1952
-Categories based on lists of symptoms
-106 Diagnoses

Front 2

DSM-II

Back 2

-1968
-Communication key purpose
-Personality Disorders

Front 3

DSM-III

Back 3

-1980
-16 Categories
-Research Diagnostic Criteria
-Multiaxial Scheme

Front 4

DSM-III-R

Back 4

-1987
-Field Trials
-Assessment tools: Structured Clinical Interview

Front 5

DSM-IV

Back 5

-Clear descriptions
-Criteria reflect consensus
-Used for records, compiling stats, 3rd party reporting

Front 6

DSM-IV-TR

Back 6

-2000
-16 Categories, 400 Disorders
-5 Axes, Four diagnostic sections

Front 7

Axis I

Back 7

-Principle diagnoses
-Anxiety, mood, psychotic, etc. disorders

Front 8

Axis II

Back 8

-Personality disorders and mental retardation
-Long-standing problems

Front 9

Axis III

Back 9

-Relevant general medical conditions (GMCs)

Front 10

Axis IV

Back 10

-Psychosocial and environmental problems

Front 11

Axis V

Back 11

-Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF)
-0-100 scale

Front 12

GAF

Back 12

1-70 Typical range for patients
1-40 Inpatient
31-70 Outpatient
0 Inadequate info to derive score

Front 13

Principle Diagnosis

Back 13

-Reason for the visit
-Assumed to be Axis I unless Axis II diagnosis specifies "principle diagnosis"

Front 14

Provisional Diagnosis

Back 14

-Strong presumption that full criteria will ultimately be met for a disorder
-DO NOT USE IF YOU HAVE DONE AN ASSESSMENT!!

Front 15

Differential Diagnosis

Back 15

-Process of choosing the correct diagnosis from conditions with similar features

Front 16

Prognosis

Back 16

-Natural course of the disorder or the predicted outcome
-Affected by patient's highest prior level of functioning, duration, abruptness of onset, age of onset, availability of treatment, compliance, and outside support

Front 17

Etiology

Back 17

-Origin of the disorder
-Four P's: Predisposition, Precipitation, Provocation, Perpetuation

Front 18

Idiopathic

Back 18

Etiology = Unknown causation

Front 19

Iatrogenic

Back 19

Etiology = Physician induced illness

Front 20

Multicausality

Back 20

Etiology = Disorders have multiple causes

Front 21

Omnicausality

Back 21

Etiology = Anything can cause

Front 22

Prevalence

Back 22

- # of cases
- # of ppl with disorder
- Affected by TREATMENT

Front 23

Incidence

Back 23

- # of NEW cases
- # of ppl developing the disorder
- Affected by PREVENTION PROGRAMS

Front 24

Paradigms in Psychopathology

Back 24

- Conceptual framework to examine phenomena
- SET OF BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

Front 25

Biological Paradigm

Back 25

- Disease model
- Diathesis-stress model
- Abnormal behavior = Brain chemistry
- Treatment = Drugs, ECT, psychosurgery

Front 26

Psychodynamic Paradigm

Back 26

- Abnormal behavior = Unresolved conflicts
- One of the oldest
- Developmental Stages

Front 27

Behavioral Paradigm

Back 27

- Began in Laboratories
- ALL behavior = Conditioning
- Modeling

Front 28

Cognitive Paradigm

Back 28

- How we ORGANIZE and INTERPRET information
- Maladaptive thinking causes maladaptive behavior
- Beck's Cognitive Therapy

Front 29

Humanistic Paradigm

Back 29

- UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD and conditions of worth
- Fritz Perls
- Skillful frustration, role playing, rules for language

Front 30

Existential Theories and Therapy

Back 30

- Psychological dysfunction caused by self-deception
- Therapy = Patient acceptance of personal responsibility and recognition of freedom of action

Front 31

Clinical Interview Composition

Back 31

- Identifying data
- Presenting problem
- Psychological History
- Psychiatric History
- Medical History
- SCID

Front 32

Clinical Interview Pos/Neg

Back 32

++ Observe verbal & non-verbal cues as well as emotional state
- - Paradigm influences questions asked, may not get enough or right info

Front 33

Structured Clinical Interview

Back 33

- High reliability and validity
- Decreased flexibility
- Miss idiosyncratic info
- Increase defensiveness & resistance
- Allows comparability
- Used in research/clinical settings
- Computer administered/scoring

Front 34

Unstructured Clinical Interview

Back 34

- Lower reliability and validity
- Increased flexibility
- Pick up idiosyncratic info
- Increased rapport
- Create favorable changes

Front 35

Baumeister Study

Back 35

- Most frequent disorders = Mood, anxiety, substance, somatoform
- Risk factors = Female, unemployed, unmarried, low SES

Front 36

Kendell & Jablensky Study

Back 36

- Reliability of diagnoses has increased dramatically
- Diagnoses may not be valid BUT still possess high utility
- Diagnostic categories only valid if they can be truly separated from each other

Front 37

Communicating Diagnostic Uncertainty

Back 37

- Rule-out
- NOS
- V codes