Psychology Unit One Test

Front 1

Afferent vs Efferent

Back 1

Afferent (toward central nervous system) vs efferent (away)

Front 2

Define: Plasticity

Back 2

The nervous system's ability to adapt or change as the result of experience

Front 3

mood elevator, sleep and pain killers

Back 3

mood elevator, sleep and pain killers

Front 4

Define: Synaptic Trasmission

Back 4

(from one neuron to another) knowledge, habits, effects of drugs are seen throug hte synaptic transmission

Front 5

Define: Axonal Transmission

Back 5

(within a neuron) the sending of a pulse from the cell body to the terminal buttons

Front 6

Define: Myelin Sheath

Back 6

causes the energy going from the nucleus to the terminal buttons to jump from node to node. It moves faster. Very crucial in life or death situations.

Front 7

Sensory neurons vs motor neurons

Back 7

sensory (towards brain) motor (away)

Front 8

Define: Motor Neuros

Back 8

a nerve cell that carries messages away from the central nervous system towards the muscles and glands (aka Efferent Neuron)

Front 9

Define: Sensory Neurons

Back 9

a nerve cell that carries messages towards the central nervous system from sense receptors
(aka Afferent Neuron)

Front 10

Define: Synaptic transmission

Back 10

From one neuron to another. How info goes from the terminal buttons to the dendrites of another

Front 11

Define: Nerve/neural impluse

Back 11

"Action potentail" is generated at the cell body and goes down the axon to the terminal buttons

Front 12

Define: cell body

Back 12

the part of a cell containing the nucleus, which includes the chromosomes

Front 13

What does Darwin say about Evolution?

Back 13

natural selection. And we evolved from monkeys

Front 14

Define: All-or-none principle

Back 14

either the axon "fires" or it doesn't.

Front 15

Define: Terminal buttons

Back 15

tiny bulblike structures at the end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters that carry the neuron's message into the synapse

Front 16

Define Axon

Back 16

in a nerve cell, an extended fiver that conducts info from the soma to the terminal buttons

Front 17

Define: Dendrite

Back 17

Brached fiber that extends outward from the cell body and carries info into the neuron

Front 18

Sex Chromosmes XX vs XY

Back 18

mom gives the X while dad give X/Y. XX= girl XY=boy

Front 19

Genotypes vs Phenotype

Back 19

Genotype (the genetic pattern that makes you different from anyone else on earth.) vs Phenotype (physical characteristics)

Front 20

What are some examples of Positive/Negative and Zero Correlation

Back 20

Positive (SAT scores and GPA), Negative (Number of drinks per week and GPA), Zero (Height and GPA)

Front 21

Define: Negative Correlation

Back 21

A correlation coefficient indicating that the variables change simultaneously in opposite directsons ) as one gets smaller the other gets bigger)

Front 22

Define: Positive Correlation

Back 22

a correlation coefficient indicating that the variables change simultaneously in the same directon.

Front 23

Polygraph (lie detector) devices are remarkably accurate in detecting physical responses that,in the eye of a trained examiner, reliably indicate when a suspect is lying. (T/F)

Back 23

False. Even the most expert poloygrapher can incorrectly classifly a truth teller as a liar or fail to identify someone who is lying

Front 24

Intelligence is a nearly pure genetic trait that is fixed at the same level throughout a person's life (T/F)

Back 24

False. Intelligence is the result of both heredity and environment

Front 25

You were born with all the brain cells that you will ever have (T/F)

Back 25

False. Some parts of the brain continue to create new cells throught life

Front 26

The color red exists only as a sensation in the brain (T/F)

Back 26

True. All colors are created in the brain. Light waves do have different frequencies but htey have no color. The brain interprets the various frequencies of light as different colors

Front 27

Psychological stress can cause physical illness (T/F)

Back 27

TRUE

Front 28

During your most vivid dreams, your body may be paralyzed
(T/F)

Back 28

TRUE

Front 29

It is a myth that most people use only 10% of their brain
(T/F)

Back 29

True. This is a myth. We use all parts of our brains every day

Front 30

What are two specialized areas under Applied Psychology

Back 30

Clinical psychology, counseling, engineering psych, industrial/organizational psych

Front 31

What are two specialized areas under Experimental psychology (define them)

Back 31

Biopsychology (the connections between biology, behavior and mental processes) and cognitive psychology (the study of the mind)

Front 32

Define: Applied psychology

Back 32

actually work with patients

Front 33

Define: Experimental psychologists

Back 33

perform most of the research that creates new ideas. Most of the work is done at universities

Front 34

Define: Correlation Coefficiently

Back 34

indicates taht the variable changes simultaneously in the same direction: As one grows bigger the other grows. The range goes from -1.0 to +1.0. No correlation=0

Front 35

Define: Rehabilitation Psychologists

Back 35

work with nurses/counselors/ social workers and their clients/patience's

Front 36

Define: Engineering psychologists

Back 36

people and equipment

Front 37

Define: Empirical investigation

Back 37

the collection of objective info by means of careful measurements based on direct experience

Front 38

Psychological Research: Correlational study

Back 38

a form of research in which hte relationship between variables is studied, but without the experimental manipulation of an independent variable. Can't determine cause and effect relationships.

Front 39

Psychological Research: Experiment

Back 39

a kind of research in which the researcher controls all the conditions and diirectly manipulates the conditions, including the independent variable

Front 40

Define: School Psychologists

Back 40

they teach

Front 41

Define: Behaviorism

Back 41

Focuses only on behavior (no mental at all)

Front 42

Define: Psychodynamic psychology

Back 42

Personality/mental disorders arise from the unconscious mind

Front 43

Define: Naturalistic Observation

Back 43

studying people/animals in their natural habitat

Front 44

Define: Pseudopsychology

Back 44

unsupported psychological beliefs that pretend to be scientific truth (horoscopes)