Psychology Of Adjustment - Test One

Front 1

What is the paradox of progress?

Back 1

Even though we have come a long ways with technological advances, it does not mean that we are healthier or happier.

Front 2

What is the basic challenge of modern life?

Back 2

the search for meaning, a sense of direction, and a personal philosophy

Front 3

Psychobabble

Back 3

hip but hopelessly vague language that is used in many self help books "Just keep pushing forward!" (ill defined terminology or meaningless)

Front 4

What is wrong with self help books (4)

Back 4

1. Psychobabble
2. Profit over scientific soundness
3. No clear explicit directions
4. Self centered approach to life

Front 5

Narcissism

Back 5

personality trait marked with inflated sense of importance, need for attention and admiration, sense of entitlement, and tendency to exploit others "It's all about me, don't worry about the consequences of others"

Front 6

What to look for with self help books (6)

Back 6

1. clarity
2. do not promise too much in immediate change.
3. Authors credentials
4. mention research for book
5. detailed directions
6. Specific (i.e. overeating vs. solving al of life's problems)

Front 7

Psychology

Back 7

studies behavior and the physiological and mental processes that underlie it. Applies accumulated knowledge from science to practical problems

Front 8

Behavior

Back 8

Any observable response or activity by an organism

Front 9

Clinical Psychology

Back 9

Branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

Front 10

Adjustment

Back 10

Adaption, psychological process through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of every day life.

Front 11

Empiricism

Back 11

The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

Front 12

Independent variable

Back 12

condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable

Front 13

Dependent variable

Back 13

variable that is thought to be affected by the manipulations of the independent variable.

Front 14

Experiment

Back 14

research method in which the investigator manipulates the independent variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in the dependent variable.

Front 15

experimental group

Back 15

consists of the subjects who receive some treatment regarding the independent variable.

Front 16

Control group

Back 16

Consists of similar subjects who do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.

Front 17

Correlation

Back 17

exists when two variables are relate3d to each other

Front 18

positive correlation

Back 18

two variables co-vary in the same direction

Front 19

negative correlation

Back 19

two variables that co-vary in the opposite direction

Front 20

Describe correlation number

Back 20

-1 or +1 is a strong correlation 0 is a weak correlation

Front 21

naturalistic observation

Back 21

a researcher engages in careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with the subjects

Front 22

Case study

Back 22

in depth investigation of an individual subject

Front 23

Surveys

Back 23

Structured questionnaires designed to solicit information about specific aspects of participants behavior.

Front 24

Subjective well being

Back 24

Individuals personal assessments of their overall happiness or life satisfaction.

Front 25

What is not very important for happiness (6)

Back 25

1. Money
2. Age
3. gender
4. Parenthood
5. Intelligence
6. Physical Attractiveness

MY, A GOOD PARENT IS PLEASENT

Front 26

What is somewhat important for happiness? (4)

Back 26

1. Health
2. Social activity
3. religion
4. culture
HELL SMELLS REALLY COOL

Front 27

What is very important for happiness? (4)

Back 27

1. Love (marriage, relationship satisfaction)
2. Work
3. Genetics and
4. Personlity

LOW WAGES GREAT PAYCHECK

Front 28

Affective Forecasting

Back 28

Efforts to predict ones emotional reactions to future events

Front 29

Strong characteristics of happinesss

Back 29

EXTROVERSION, conscientiousness, agreeableness, self-esteem, and optimism.

Front 30

Hedonic Adaptation

Back 30

The mental scale that people use to judge the pleasantness - unpleasantness of their experiences shifts so that their neutral point or baseline for comparison is changed. Get a raise, get used to it, go to jail, get used to it, only happy or unhappy for a short time

Front 31

Develop sound study habits (3)

Back 31

1. Set up a schedule for studying
2. New environment where you can concentrate.
3. Reward

Front 32

Over learning

Back 32

continued rehearsal of material after you have first appeared to master it.

Front 33

Mnemonic devices (5)

Back 33

Acrostics, acronyms, rhyming, link method, method of loci

Front 34

personality

Back 34

refers to an individuals unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits

Front 35

We use the idea of personality explain (2)

Back 35

consistency and distinctiveness

Front 36

Personality trait

Back 36

durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations

Front 37

Factor analysis

Back 37

correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables.

Front 38

Big five modals of personality

Back 38

extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
EVERY NEW OCTOPUS EASY AND CUTE

Front 39

Psychodynamic theories

Back 39

Include all the diverse theories descended from the work of sigmund freud that focus on unconcious mental forces (Also include Jung and Adler)

Front 40

Psychoanalysis

Back 40

Lengthy verbal interactions, unconscious forces govern human behavior, not masters of our own minds, shaped by sexual urges

Front 41

ID

Back 41

primitive, instinctive, pleasure principle

Front 42

Ego

Back 42

Decision making, reality principle

Front 43

Superego

Back 43

moral component, social standards, right and wrong

Front 44

Conscious

Back 44

whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time

Front 45

preconscious

Back 45

material just beneath the surface of awareness that can be easily retrieved

Front 46

unconscious

Back 46

thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface but have a great influence.

Front 47

Conflicts between the ID EGO AND SUPEREGO create

Back 47

Anxiety

Front 48

Defense mechanisms

Back 48

unconscious reactions that protect a person from painful emotions such as anxiety or guilt.

Front 49

Defense mechanisms (8)

Back 49

1. Repression
2. Projection
3. Displacement (diverting anger to a substitute subject)
4. reaction formation (opposite emotions)
5. regression
6. rationalization
7. Identification (bolsters self esteem, joins a imaginary or real alliance)
8. Sublimation (changes unacceptable impulses into social acceptable activities).

REALLY PROUD DADS REACT REALLY RATIONALLY IN STRESS

Front 50

Psychosexual stages

Back 50

Oral (0 to 1) -> Anal (2 to 3) -> phallic (4 to 5) -> Latency (6 to 12) -> Genital (puberty onward)

Front 51

Fixtation

Back 51

Freud - failure to move forward from one stage to another as expected.

Front 52

Oedipal complex

Back 52

Freud - Associated with the phallic stage, children manifest erotically tinged desires for their other sex parent accompanied by feelings of hostility toward their same sex parent.

Front 53

Analytical psychology

Back 53

Carl Jung, Unconscious has two layers personal unconscious and collective unconscious

Front 54

Collective unconscious

Back 54

Jung - storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past that is shared with the entire human race

Front 55

Archetypes

Back 55

Jung - Emotionally charged images and thought forms that have

Front 56

Individual Psychology

Back 56

Alfred Adler - foremost human drive is not sexuality but striving for superiority. children often feel weak and helpless.

Front 57

Compensation

Back 57

Adler - efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiority by developing one's abilities

Front 58

Evaluating psychodynamic perspectives (3)

Back 58

Poor testability, inadequate evidence, sexism

Front 59

Classical Conditioning

Back 59

Pavlov - Type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus

Front 60

Extinction

Back 60

Pavlov - gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency

Front 61

Operant Conditioning

Back 61

Skinner - Form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences. Repeat responses that are followed by favorable consequences

Front 62

Social Cognitive Theory

Back 62

Bandura - Cognitive flavor to behaviorism, social learning theory

Front 63

Observational learning

Back 63

occurs when an organisms responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models.

Front 64

Self-efficacy

Back 64

ones belief about one's ability to preform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. Confident.

Front 65

Evaluating behaviorist studies

Back 65

1. Dilution of behavioral research
2. Overdependent on animal research
3. Fragmentation of personality

Front 66

Humanism

Back 66

theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique quality of humans, especially their free will and their potential for personal growth

Front 67

Humanistic theorists believe:

Back 67

1. Innate drive towards personal growth
2. freedom/not pawns of their environment
3. largely conscious and rational, not dominated by unconscious.

Front 68

Person-centered Theory

Back 68

Carl Rogers - personal growth through sensitivity training, encounter groups, and other exercises.

Front 69

Self Concept

Back 69

Rogers - collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior. Mental picture of yourself.

Front 70

In congruence

Back 70

refer to the disparity between one's self concept and one's actual experience.

Front 71

Central cause of anxiety for rogers/ person centered theory

Back 71

experiences that threaten people's personal views of themselves.

Front 72

Theory of self actualization

Back 72

Maslow - focus on healthy personality not dwell on disorders (hierarchy of needs)

Front 73

Hierarchy of needs

Back 73

Self actualization theory - a systematic arrangement of needs according to priority in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused.

Front 74

Need for self actualization

Back 74

Need to fulfill one's potential

Front 75

Evaluating humanistic perspectives (3)

Back 75

1. Poor testability
2. Unrealistic view of human nature
3. Inadequate evidence

Front 76

Biological perspectives

Back 76

Hans Eysenck - personality is determined by a persons genes

Front 77

Heritability ratio

Back 77

estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance.

Front 78

Evolutionary Psychology

Back 78

Buss - (Big 5)examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations

Front 79

Evaluating biological perspectives

Back 79

1. problems with estimates of heredity influence
2. hindsight bias in evolutionary theory
3. Lack of adequate theory

Front 80

Hindsight bias

Back 80

the common tendency to mold one's interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out.

Front 81

Sensation seeking

Back 81

contemporary theory : generalized preference for low or high levels of sensory stimulation

Front 82

Terror management Theory

Back 82

Solomon, greenberg, and pyszcyzynski - explains why people need self esteem - collision of self preservation instinct and their awareness of inevitablity of death creates potential for anxiety alarm and terror. Culture saves us.