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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FREUD
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Unconscious/Subconscious Mind
Psychoanalytic Theory TWO WAYS to study mind: 1) Dreams 2) Stages of Development Unconscious mind: ID, Ego, Super Ego Thantos (Violence) /Eros (Pleasure) Stages of Development: 0-2 Oral Stimulation (Oral Fixation)_ 2-4 Anal Stage Order Vs. Cleanliness (Anal Fixation/ Anal Compulsive) 4-6 Phallic Stage Determines sexual awareness (Oedipus/Electra Complex) 6-9 Latency stage (Same Sex friendships) 9-Puberty Genitalia Stage |
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ABRAHAM
"Women dream of Abraham Hostile" |
Worked w/ Freud --> "We dream what we wish for"
Woman vs. Men Hostility (Penis Envy Theory) Libido-SEX drive |
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ADLER
"Add NEO to Freud" "Adler is inferior" |
Neofreudist
Studied inferiority complex (Everyone incredibly inferior) innate desire to overcome pitfalls We find ways to overcome downsides |
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ALLPORT
"Allport Personality" |
Developed detailed personality test to determine personality vulnerabilities
"Questioning method" MMPI Test Published "Nature of Prejudice" -TRAIT Theory of Psychology- |
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BECKLER
"Beckler Labeler" |
"Labeling Theory"
Acceptance of negative labels to develop certain personality traits or behavioral tendencies, often deviants inclined to accept their behavior when recognized Published the "The Outsiders" |
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BLEULER
"Bleuler Schizophruler" |
Swiss Psychologist who identified SCHIZOPHRENIA
"More biological than psychological" He revolutionized field of occupational therapy Two Sides: As a method to compensate for psychological disorders or to minimize impact on lifestyle (mutualistic relationships) |
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BREUR
"Breur Conflicter" |
Forerunner to FREUD!
Argued that mental disorders are the result of conflicts in memories "UNCONSCIOUS & FORGOTTEN MEMORIES OF UNPLEASANT EVENTS PROMOTE CERTAIN DISORDERS OF BEHAVIOR" |
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CANNON
"Cannon Emoshun" |
Physiology of emotion
Emotions are purely biological responses to external stimuli in nature Developed: """"""-BARD Theory of Physiological Basis on Emotion" |
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CHARCOT
"Charcot Hypnosis" |
Post-Hypnotic Suggestion
First to implement hypnosis as therapy in the United States Used Practical Methods of hypnosis Can be used to examine subconscious events or reasoning |
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CLARK (Kenneth and Mamie)
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He was first African American Ph.D.
Published "Prejudice and Your Child" Believed in different mental capabilities from race to race. Influenced nation that different races can have an effect on bias _________________________ She Focused on social effects of prejudice "Black children choose White Dolls" Shows how racial discrimination can believe those higher in racial status, dominant group, seen as "Better" |
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CATTEL
"Cattel Cultural!" |
IQ Personality Theory
Developed first "Culturally Fair" IQ Test Studied EVERY aspect of intelligence "What is the definition of Smart?" |
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BINET
"Binet comes before Cattel, FIRST Intelligence Test" |
He created first intelligence test
Examined the Psychology of handwriting Tested individuals with learning disabilities Constructs "Intelligence Scale" |
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WECHSLER
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Designed first ADULT-Intelligence test
Defined IQ as: "ACT PURPOSEFULLY, THINK RATIONALLY, DEAL EFFECTIVELY WITH ANY GIVEN ENVIRONMENT" "P.R.E.G.E." |
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DELGADO
"DE-LECTRICITY" |
Experimented on using electricity on the brain
Chemical or electrical functions in Brain? ELECTRO-CONVULSIVE THERAPY Stimulating areas of the brain to change chemistry and functioning |
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DEMENT
"Demented Dreams" |
Father of sleep and dreaming
MUST get sleep for normal health and mental functioning Discovered first pattern for REM DREAMS are associated to Memories HYPOTHALAMUS controls biological clock or circadian rhythm Sleep is complex mixture of different levels of consciousness STAGE 1 = Hypnotic Stage (Alpha-Theta Waves) STAGE 2 = Spindle-Waves STAGE 3 = Delta Waves STAGE 4 = Oblivion Sleep (PURELY Delta Waves) Lowered body rates REM also known as "Paradoxical Sleep" 75% of Dreams are Nightmares Some people in control of their dreams Means of controlling the ID of the mind? |
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DIX
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Crusader for cleaner mental hospitals
Changed living conditions (After Civil War) Pioneer for more human treatment of those in mental hospitals |
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FREEMAN
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Pioneered FIRST experiments of the PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY
Believed severing ties to frontal lobe could change personality and possibly cure mental disorders. |
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EBBINGHAUS
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Memory Demonstration
3 components to active memory: RECALL -Free/Serial Recall RECOLLECTION -Remembering information if provided SAVINGS -Once something is learned, takes HALF the time to relearn it. Vonrestroff effect Make the middle component of a series STAND OUT to remember better. |
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FECHNER
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Human SENSATION/PERCEPTION
What are the capabilities/limits to our senses? Defined thresholds to our senses -STILL referenced to today. |
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GESSEL
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American Psychologist Studied Identical Twins Separated At Birth
STUNNING SIMILARITIES in mannerisms/behavior likely way to analyze connection between Nature Vs. Nurture. |
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WERTHEIMER
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Swiss Gestalt Psychologist
Founder of Gestalt Influential on VISUAL PERCEPTION studies |
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KOFFKA
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One of the Gestalt Founders
Influential with VISUAL PERCEPTION |
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KOHLER
"Kohler BALOLER" |
One of the Gestalt Founders
Performed famous experiment on INSIGHT Counterclaim to Pavlov's Behaviorist Experiments Hung bananas from a ceiling and released a monkey into the room. The monkey learned to use three boxes after trial and error to reach the bananas after having no previous experience with the scenario. |
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JUNG
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Supported Freud's Psychoanalytic theory but had a more humanistic approach
Thought humans weren't motivated by sex and violence but CREATIVITY and SPIRITUALITY. Like Freud, believed heavily in importance of dreams. The INNER CONFLICT is our innate desire to found balance in our lives regarding our force/counter-force that plays a part of our daily happiness. Three parts to unconscious mind: EGO PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS |
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GESTALT School
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The theory of mind and brain that proposes that the operational principle of the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies; or, that the whole is different than the sum of its parts.
The effects refer to the form-forming capability of our senses, particularly with respect to the visual recognition of figures and whole forms instead of just a collection of simple lines and curves. Classes of Gestalt perception Law of Proximity Law of Closure Law of Continuity Law of Simplicity Law of Similarity Law of Grouping |
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ZIMBARDO
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Controversial Studies on Origins of Evil Actions
Guard/Prisoner Study at Stanford Psychology Randomly assigned students to groups based on roles of guards or prisoners in make shift cells. Had to be terminated after almost a week because of atrocious developments Guards exhibited sadistic and cruel behaviors towards the prisoners, assigned them as numbers, began injuring the prisoners if they weren't following the "rules". Paved way for heavier APA regulations for experiments |
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HARLOW
"HAIRY HARLOW" |
Studied Rhesus Monkeys to examine nature of affection and biological importance of infants
Used infant monkeys to see how much was needed Experimented with "Soft Mommy and Wire Mommy" Even though the soft mommy had no food, the baby clung to the soft mommy and only got food from the wire mommy when it was hungry. Iron Maiden experiment demonstrated that even when the figure imposed harm on the baby, it would keep coming back to get affection. The babies that were raised with faceless mothers also had abnormal psychological symptoms WARMTH AND IDENTITY NECESSARY! |
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ERIKSON
"Erikson Conflict" |
Studied built up from Freud
However, emphasized the EGO component of our brains Series of Stages that are internal conflicts that ultimately determine our personality. I. Trust Vs. Mistrust Infant unable to move, must be cared for completely learns to trust others and the world if taken care of, if neglected, will grow up with lifelong distrust issues Learns HOPE II. Atonemy Vs. Doubt Child learns they are separate individuals, disobeying tendencies can result in Self-doubt III. Initiative vs. Inadequacy Child learns further operational skills, if learning is not fostered, they risk possibility of feeling inadequate IV. Industry Vs. Inferiority Child begins learning process. Child will feel inferior if learning not encouraged. V. Identity Vs. Confusion We begin to learn "Who we are" and where we want to go in life If we do not, we risk possibility in feeling confused and lost. |
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ASHE
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Believed in power of conformity
Three line test | | | Which is longest? If a group of people believe reality of something, can change perceptions on an individual basis |
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LASHLY
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Studied area of our brain where memories are stored
- > Distributed throughout cerebral cortex |
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MEAD
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Studied GROUPS/SOCIOLOGY
Wanted to discern between what makes peoples personalities Biology or Social Influences We are creatures of our society What is considered universally wrong? |
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MONTESSORI
Montessori Funnessori |
Italian Physician that studied learning and child development
Sought to find a teaching method to find the adult inside. Believed in learning was INTRINSICALLY FUN! Everyone needed to progress at their own pace. |
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Jean Piaget
PIAGET "PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE" SCHEEMA PIAGEEMA! |
Believed through our life we develop our schema
(SCHEMA is the framework we use to to make sense and organize information in our world perspective) |
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Hans Selye
STRESS SELYE |
FIRST to postulate that Disease is LINKED to stress
Researched effects of stress on other animals by exposing them to unpleasant or harmful stimuli. General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Alarm - Initial feeling heartrate increase, blood pressure Resistance - Fight against your stress, immune system shot, energy breakdown Exhaustion- bodies resources have been depleted and |
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Herman Rorschach
Rorschach Ink |
Art teacher, studied Ink Diagrams
influenced by Freud Ink blots determined subtleties on unconscious mind. 1. Show the picture 2. Allow person to hold the card 3. Get feedback 4 RESPONSES: Location Quality Content Degree of Conventionality Location is the whole picture or parts Quality is if picture appears to move or stay still Content, -animals humans things (main object seen) Degree of Conventionality Average thing people see on the ink blot Analysis: Small things; Introverted, emotional, problems Wholistic: high IQ, ingenious 3-dimension: Anxiety Moving: vivid imagination Animal pics: Lower IQ Thematic Aptitude Test TAT Always black and white and vague Always reflective of self/what we see. |
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Assimilation
Piaget |
Altering reality to fit our schema.
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Accomodation
Piaget |
Altering our schema to fit factual reality.
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Otto
RANK THE THREE THEORIES Rank Returns to Womb ! |
Sought to find primary motivator of man.
Return to Womb Theory Happiness best felt in womb, always desire to return Two Motivators Life fear= fear of being alone Death fear= fear of losing identity 3 types of man...Average man -Vest Majority of people are considered average Neurotic man Tries to be different Artist, different but admired for their willl. |
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Sheldon
SHELDON SOMATYPES! |
Personality influenced by body shape
Ectomorphs= LONG LEAN INTROVERTED, INTELLECTUAL, SERIAL KILLER TYPES Mesomorphs=athletic outgoing assertive and strong Endomorphs=Squishy People! Mentally stable |
