Psychology- Themes & Variations/chpt. 10 Human Development Across The Life Span

Front 1

The age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth.

Back 1

Age of viability

Front 2

The belief that all things are living.

Back 2

Animism

Front 3

A close, emotional bond of affection between infants and their caregivers.

Back 3

Attachment

Front 4

The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects.

Back 4

Centration

Front 5

The head-to-foot direction of motor development.

Back 5

Cephalocaudal trend

Front 6

Transitions in youngsters’ patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving.

Back 6

Cognitive development

Front 7

Piaget’s term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance.

Back 7

Conservation

Front 8

Intelligence that involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge and skills in problem solving.

Back 8

Crystallized intelligence

Front 9

An abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment.

Back 9

Dementia

Front 10

The sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death.

Back 10

Development

Front 11

The average age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities.

Back 11

Developmental norms

Front 12

A limited ability to share another person’s viewpoint.

Back 12

Egocentrism

Front 13

The second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month.

Back 13

Embryonic stage

Front 14

The process by which children map a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure.

Back 14

Fast mapping

Front 15

A collection of congenital (inborn) problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregnancy.

Back 15

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Front 16

The third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through birth.

Back 16

Fetal stage

Front 17

Type of intelligence that involves basic reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing.

Back 17

Fluid intelligence

Front 18

Culturally constructed distinctions between masculinity and femininity.

Back 18

Gender

Front 19

Actual disparities between the sexes in typical behavior or average ability.

Back 19

Gender differences

Front 20

Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex.

Back 20

Gender roles

Front 21

Widely held beliefs about males’ and females’ abilities, personality traits, and behavior.

Back 21

Gender stereotypes

Front 22

The first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two weeks after conception.

Back 22

Germinal stage

Front 23

The inability to envision reversing an action.

Back 23

Irreversibility

Front 24

Development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one’s genetic blueprint.

Back 24

Maturation

Front 25

The first occurrence of menstruation.

Back 25

Menarche

Front 26

The progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities.

Back 26

Motor development

Front 27

Recognizing that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible.

Back 27

Object permanence

Front 28

Mistake in language learning that occurs when a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions than it is meant to.

Back 28

Overextension

Front 29

Mistake in language learning in which a child incorrectly generalizes grammatical rules to irregular cases where they do not apply.

Back 29

Overregulation

Front 30

A structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mother’s bloodstream and bodily wastes to pass out to the mother.

Back 30

Placenta

Front 31

The period from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy.

Back 31

Prenatal period

Front 32

The sexual structures necessary for reproduction.

Back 32

Primary sex characteristics

Front 33

The center-outward direction of motor development.

Back 33

Proximodistal trend

Front 34

The period of early adolescence marked by rapid physical growth and the development of sexual (reproductive) maturity.

Back 34

Puberty

Front 35

Physical features that are associated with gender but that are not directly involved in reproduction.

Back 35

Secondary sex characteristics

Front 36

Emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment.

Back 36

Separation anxiety

Front 37

The biologically based categories of male and female.

Back 37

Sex

Front 38

The first occurrence of ejaculation.

Back 38

Spermarche

Front 39

A developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established.

Back 39

Stage

Front 40

Referring to a child’s early sentences, which consist mainly of content words; articles, prepositions, and other less critical words are omitted.

Back 40

Telegraphic speech

Front 41

Mistake that occurs when a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a narrower set of objects or actions than it is meant to

Back 41

Underextensions

Front 42

A one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg.

Back 42

Zygote