Psychology Set 2 Ch. 5-7

Front 1

Learning

Back 1

Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.

Hint 1

Students blank at school.

Front 2

Ivan Pavlov

Back 2

Discovered classical conditioning through his work on digestion in dogs.

Hint 2

Classical conditioning

Front 3

Unconditioned Stimulus

Back 3

A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response.

Hint 3

Natural

Front 4

Unconditioned Response

Back 4

An involuntary response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus.

Hint 4

Unresponsive

Front 5

Conditioned Stimulus

Back 5

Stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus.

Hint 5

Learned

Front 6

Conditioned Response

Back 6

Learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus.

Hint 6

CS - ice cream truck.

- salivation when hearing the ice cream truck bell.

Front 7

Stimulus Generalization

Back 7

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response.

Front 8

Stimulus Discrimination

Back 8

The tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus because the similar stimulus is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Hint 8

Stimulus blank against other stimulus.

Front 9

Extinction

Back 9

The disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus or the removal of a reinforcer.

Hint 9

Dinosaurs are blank.

Front 10

Taste Aversion

Back 10

Development of a nausea or aversive response to a particular taste because that taste was followed by nausea reaction, occurring after only one association.

Front 11

Operant Conditioning

Back 11

The learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses.

Hint 11

The operative is a volunteer.

Front 12

Thorndike's Law of Effect

Back 12

Law stating that if a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated, and if followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated.

Front 13

Reinforcement

Back 13

Any event or stimulus, that when following a response, increases the probability that the response will occur again.

Hint 13

Cops blank the law.

Front 14

Fixed Interval Schedule

Back 14

Of reinforcement schedule of reinforcement in which the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is always the same.

Hint 14

A schedule is always blank.

Front 15

Punishment

Back 15

Any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again.

Hint 15

Parents usually blank their kids when they do something wrong.

Front 16

Observational Learning

Back 16

Learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior.

Hint 16

I am a hands on learner.

Front 17

Memory

Back 17

An active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage.

Hint 17

I have a very bad blank.

Front 18

Encoding

Back 18

The set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain's storage systems.

Hint 18

Opposite of decoding.

Front 19

Storage

Back 19

Holding onto information for some period of time.

Hint 19

We have to blank food in the pantry.

Front 20

Retrieval

Back 20

Getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used.

Hint 20

I have to blank the mail.

Front 21

Echoic Memory

Back 21

The brief memory of something a person has just heard.

Hint 21

What happens when you yell in a cavern?

Front 22

Short-term Memory

Back 22

The memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used.

Hint 22

A person that cannot remember much has blank.

Front 23

Chunking

Back 23

Bits of information are combined into meaningful units, or chunks, so that more information can be held in STM.

Front 24

Long-term Memory

Back 24

The system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently.

Hint 24

A person that remembers a lot of things has blank.

Front 25

Declarative Memory

Back 25

Type of long-term memory containing information that is conscious and known.

Hint 25

Declare common sense.

Front 26

Anterograde Amnesia

Back 26

Loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories. Usually does NOT affect procedural LTM.

Hint 26

Anti means loss.

Front 27

Implicit Memory

Back 27

Memory that is not easily brought into conscious awareness.

Hint 27

Simplicity itself.

Front 28

Semantic Memory

Back 28

Type of declarative memory containing general knowledge, such as knowledge of language and information learned in formal education.

Hint 28

General knowledge.

Front 29

Episodic Memory

Back 29

Type of declarative memory containing personal information not readily available to others, such as daily activities and events.

Hint 29

Episodes

Front 30

Explicit Memory

Back 30

Memory that is consciously known.

Front 31

Retrieval Cue

Back 31

A stimulus for remembering.

Hint 31

There is only one cue ball when playing pool.

Front 32

Flashbulb Memory

Back 32

Type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it.

Hint 32

A light bulb flashed over my head.

Front 33

Encoding Failure

Back 33

Failure to process information into memory.

Hint 33

Opposite of failure to decode.

Front 34

Memory Decay

Back 34

Loss of memory due to the passage of time, during which the memory trace is not used.

Hint 34

In time our minds begin to shrivel up and blank.

Front 35

Proactive Interference

Back 35

Memory retrieval problem that occurs when older information prevents or interferes with the retrieval of newer information.

Hint 35

Active problem in retrieving older information.

Front 36

Retroactive Interference

Back 36

Memory retrieval problem that occurs when newer information prevents or interferes with the retrieval of older information.

Hint 36

This is a retro problem.

Front 37

Retrograde Amnesia

Back 37

Loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backwards, or loss of memory for the past.

Front 38

Anterograde Amnesia

Back 38

Loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new LTM's.

Hint 38

Ants don't know how to move backwards.

Front 39

Anterograde Amnesia

Back 39

Loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new LTM's.

Hint 39

Ants don't know how to move backwards.

Front 40

Intelligence

Back 40

The ability to learn from ones experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems.

Hint 40

Andy Griffith was very blank.

Front 41

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Back 41

A number representing a measure of intelligence, resulting from the division of one's mental age by ones chronological age and then multiplying that Quotient by 100.

Front 42

Wechsler Intelligence Tests

Back 42

Yield a verbal score and a performance score, as well as an overall score of intelligence.

Front 43

Gifted

Back 43

The 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above.

Front 44

Standardization

Back 44

The process of giving the test to a large group of people that represents the kind of people for whom the test is designed.

Hint 44

Typical high schools get these tests.

Front 45

Validity

Back 45

The degree to which a test actually measures what it's supposed to measure.

Front 46

Reliability

Back 46

The tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people.

Hint 46

These tests are very blank.