Psychology Test 2 Chapter 7 Learning

Front 1

Any stimulus that automatically produces a response

Back 1

Unconditioned stimulus

Front 2

The response made to the unconditioned stimulus

Back 2

Unconditioned Response

Front 3

An occurrence that currently does not produce a response when it is presented.

Back 3

Neutral Stimulus

Front 4

A previously neutral stimulus that has now been conditioned to produce a response.

Back 4

Conditioned stimulus

Front 5

The response made to the conditioned stimulus

Back 5

Conditioned response

Front 6

Classicial conditioning is a form of learning in which an _______ is formed between one stimulus and another.

Back 6

Association

Front 7

Pavlov found that when researchers walked in with white lab coats on the dogs began to salivate even when there was no ____ present?

Back 7

Food

Front 8

Occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Back 8

Extinction

Front 9

Occurs when, after extinction, the condition stimulus is presented and the conditioned response reappears.

Back 9

Spontaneous Recovery

Front 10

Occurs when a stimulus, similar to the conditioned stimulus, elicits the conditioned response.

Back 10

Generalization

Front 11

Has occurred when the conditioned response is made only to the conditioned stimulus and not to any other similar stimuli.

Back 11

Discrimination

Front 12

We have a tendency to repeat responses that give us pleasure and avoid situations that have unpleasant consequences.

Back 12

Thorndike's Law of Effect

Front 13

Conducted research on cats in cages and rats in mazes.. trial by error learning.

Back 13

Thorndikes Law of Effect

Front 14

Stimuli that are present before a behavior occurs, and they activate the learning process.

Back 14

Antecedents

Front 15

Simply the opposite of forward conditioning.

Back 15

Backward conditioning

Front 16

A form of learning in which the consequences of behavior are manipulated in order to increase or decrease the frequency of a response or to shape an entirely new response.

Back 16

Operant Conditioning

Front 17

Refers to any pleasant or desirable consequence that, if applied after a response, increases the probability of that response occurring again.
Example: rewarding a dog with food for sitting
Which type of reinforcement is this?

Back 17

Positive reinforcement

Front 18

refers to a behavior that is likely to occur again because it was followed by the termination of an aversive condition.
Example: confronting a coworker who is gossiping about you.
Which type of reinforcement is this?

Back 18

Negative reinforcement

Front 19

Is anything that follows a response that decreases the probability that the response will occur again.
Example: spanking a child for fighting with their sibling.
Which type of reinforcement is this?

Back 19

Punishment

Front 20

Are those that fulfill a basic physical need for survival and do not depend on learning.
Which type of Reinforcers is this?

Back 20

Primary

Front 21

Are acquired or learned by association with other reinforcers..
Example: money
Which type of reinforcers is this?

Back 21

Secondary

Front 22

Learned and self-given
Example: praise
Which type of reinforcers is this?

Back 22

Generalized

Front 23

A pigeon pecking a key and getting grain after every 5th response.
Which schedule of reinforcement is this?

Back 23

Fixed ratio

Front 24

Checking for your newspaper in the morning and never knowing what time it will be delivered.
which schedule of reinforcement is this>

Back 24

Variable interval

Front 25

Setting a gold star in class for every 5 minutes you are quiet.
Which schedule of reinforcement is this?

Back 25

Fixed interval

Front 26

A students grade improves for every third class assignment turned in
FR
VR
FI
VI
which one?

Back 26

Fixed ratio

Front 27

A person looking for shooting stars at night and seeing them randomly?

Back 27

Variable Interval

Front 28

An author receives a 1$ royalty for every book that sells.

Back 28

Fixed ratio

Front 29

A student rewards himself with a break after every hour of studying

Back 29

Fixed interval

Front 30

Checking the oven to see if a cake is done, never knowing how much time it will take

Back 30

Variable interval

Front 31

Putting quarters in a slot machine and never knowing when you will get quarters back

Back 31

Variable ratio

Front 32

A softball player gets a hit every third time at bat

Back 32

Fixed ratio

Front 33

Buying state lottery tickets and sometimes winning

Back 33

Variable ratio

Front 34

For every week of packing computer components, a factory worker recieves a 15$ bonus.

Back 34

Fixed interval

Front 35

Going online and checking to see if the instructor has posted the assignment she said she would post.

Back 35

Variable interval

Front 36

Albert Bandura..
Results when people observe the behavior of others and note the consequences of that behavior, thereby repeating or avoiding it themselves.

Example: modeling a cooks behavior and improving upon it

Back 36

Observational Learning

Front 37

Videotaped a women aggressively beating a Bobo doll and saying "sock him in the nose!"
What did the children do after they saw this?

Back 37

They imitated her aggressive behavior.

Front 38

Wolfgang Kohler
Learning which arises in a new situation based on experience in prior unrelated situations.

Back 38

Insight Learning

Front 39

The "____" experience- is a mental process marked by the sudden and expected solution to a problem.

Back 39

"ah ha"