Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Taylor et al. (2000)
|
-Sympathomedullary pathway
=> gender difference in activation => Fight-or-flight and tend-and-befriend - response |
|
|
McCarty (1981)
|
-Sympathomedullary pathway
=> reduced capacity of aged animals to stressful stimulation is explained through lower levels of stress hormones in elder rats than in younger rats |
|
|
Horwatt et al. (1988)
|
-Sympathomedullary pathway
=> animals exposed to the same stressor every day => number of adaptive changes in the SMP => increased production of fight-or-flight-hormones => new stressor => exaggerated SMP response compared to animals exposed to the same stressor without having been exposed to other stressors for weeks |
|
|
Heim et al.( 2000)
|
-Pituitary-adrenal system
=> women who were sexually abused as children have increased pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress (higher ACTH and cortisol levels!) |
|
|
Newcomer et al.(1999)
|
-Pituitary-adrenal system
|
|
|
Cohen et al. (1993)
|
-Stress and the immune system
=> stress depresses the efficiency of the immune system => people with stress are more likely to catch a cold |
|
|
Evans et al. (1994)
|
Stress and the immune system
=> short-term stress might be beneficial => mildly stressful situations increase the levels of SigA => the ability of the immune system to resist infection is improved |
|
|
Krantz et al. (1991)
|
- Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) and stress
=> direct link between low-level cognitive stress and physiological reactions leading to cariovascular damage |
|
|
Cobb and Rose (1973)
|
Cardiovascular diseases
=> people with highly stressful jobs had higher levels of hypertension, which increases the risk of heart diseases |
|
|
Williams (2000)
|
-Cardiovascular disorders
=> healthy participants scoring highly for anger were more likely to suffer heart attacks |
|
|
Kiecolt-Glaser et al. (1995)
|
-Stress and immune system
=> chronic stress lessens immune system functioning ( how long take wounds to heal?) |
|
|
Jacob and Charles (1980)
|
-Life changes and stress
=> children with cancer were from families with higher life change scores than children with other illnesses => support to the idea of an association between life events and illness |
|
|
Rahe et al. (1970)
|
-Life changes
=> link between life changes and physical illness! |
|
|
Gervais (2005)
|
-Daily hassles and uplifts
=> diary study with nurses => uplifts counteract the negative effects of daily hassles and help to improve the performance and lower stress levels |
|
|
Sher (2004)
|
Daily hassles
=> daily hassles lead to increased cortisol levels ==> negative effect on health!!! |
|
|
Russek (1962)
|
Workplace stress
=> people in high-stress jobs were more likely to develop heart diseases than people in low-stress jobs ==> suggesting a link between work-related stress and heart disease |
|
|
Kivimäki et al. (2006)
|
-Workplace stress
=> meta-analysis of 14 studies involving over 80,000 workers => workplace stressors like job demand are related to elevated health risks |
|
|
Marmot et al. (1997)
|
Workplace stress
=> employees with low job control were around 3 times more likely to have heart attacks than those with high job control ==> high job control is desirable in order to reduce the costs of work-related stress disorders |
|
|
Morris et al. (1981)
|
Type C personality
=> negative emotions might lead to a higher risk of cancer |
|
|
Denollet et al. (1996)
|
Type D personality
=> higher risk of heart attacks |
|
|
Friedman & Rosenman (1974)
|
Stress and personality types
- participants were asked about impatiemnce, competitiveness, motivation for success, ... => High scorers were described as Type A and low scorers as Type B- personalities => Type A-persons were at risk to develop CVDs ==> suggesting a direct link between personality traits and stress-related illness (Stressors are not harmful in themselves, but people's perception and reaction might be dangerous for health!) |
|
|
Matthews & Haynes (1986)
|
Stress and personality types
=> coronary heart disease was most associated with the hostility trait of Type A men -> especially if the high level of hostility couldn't be expressed (this might reduce the risk) |
|
|
Forshaw (2002)
|
Stress and personality types
- Type A characteristic of hostility was the best single predictor of CHD (better than Type A personality as a whole) ==> it suggests the trait of hostility increases the risk of stress-related illness rather than the personality type (it doesn't mean that hostility has to cause CHD, but it could....) |
