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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Empiricism |
a view that a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses and b) science flourishes through observation and experiment |
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Structuralism |
an early schoool of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind |
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Functionalism |
a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish |
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Nature - Nuture issue |
the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors |
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Hindsight Bias |
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it |
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Critical Thinking |
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions |
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Operational definition |
a statement of the procedures used to define research variables. For example, intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures |
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Replication |
repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances |
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Case Study |
an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles |
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False consensus effect |
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors |
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Naturalistic Observation |
observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation |
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Illusory Correlation |
the perception of a relationship where none exists |
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Dependent Variable |
in psychology, the behavior or mental process that is being measured |
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Culture |
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
