Psychology Of Gender Midterm 2

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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

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A disorder in which body cells are unable to respond to androgens, resilient in the feminization of chromosomal males

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Androgens

Back 2

A class of hormones that includes testosterone and other steroid hormones. Men typically produce a greater proportion of androgens than estrogens

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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

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A disorder that results in masculinization, producing premature puberty in boys and masculinization of the external genitalia in girls; also called adrenogenital syndrome

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Endocrine Glands

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Glands that secrete hormones onto the circulatory system

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Estradiol

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The most common of the estrogen hormones

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Estrogens

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A class of hormones that includes estradiol and other steroid hormones, Women typically produce a greater proportion of estrogens and androgens

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External Genitalia

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The reproductive structures that can be seen without internal examinations: clitoris, labia, and vaginal opening in women and penis and scrotum in men.

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Follicle-stimulationg hormone (FSH)

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The gonadotropic hormone that stimulates development of gonads during puberty and development of ova during the years of women's fertility

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Gonads

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Reproductive organs

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Hermaphroditism

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A disorder in which individuals have characteristics of both sexes

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Hormones

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Chemical substances released from endocrine glands that circulate throughout the body and affect target organs that have receptors sensitive to the specific hormones

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Internal genitalia

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The internal reproductive organs, consisting of the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, utterus, and upper vagina in women; and testes, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and prostate gland in men

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Intersexuality

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A more modern term for hermaphroditism

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Klinefelter Syndrom

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The disorder that occurs when a chromosomal male has an extra X chromosome resulting in the XXY pattern of chromosome pair 23. These individuals have the appearance of males, including external genitalia, but they may also develop breasts and a feminized body shape. Their testes are not capable of producing sperm, so they are sterile

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Lateralization

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The concept that the two cerebral hemispheres are not functionally equal but rather that each hemisphere has different purposes.

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Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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The gonadotropic hormone that prompts sexual development during puberty and also causes a maturing ovum to be released

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Menarche

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The first menstruation

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Mullerian system

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a system of ducts occurring in both male and female embryos that forms the basis for the development of the female internal reproductive system--ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina

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Pituitary gland

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An endocrine gland within the brain that produces tropic hormones that stimulate other glands to produce yet other hormones

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Progestins

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A group of steroid hormones that prepares the female body for pregnancy; their function for the male body is unknown

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Releasing hormones

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hormones produced by the hypothalamus that act not he pituitary to release tropic hormones

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Sexual dimorphism

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the existence of two sexes--male and female--including differences in genetics, gonads, hormones, internal genitalia, and external genitalia

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Sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN)

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A brain structure in the hypothalamus, near the optic chiasm, that is larger in male rats than in female rats and larger in men than women

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Spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus

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A collection of neurons in the lower spinal chord that control muscles at the base of the penis

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Steroid hormones

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Hormones related to sexual dimorphism and sexual reproduction that are derived from cholesterol and consist of a structure that includes four carbon rings

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Testosterone

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The most common of the androgen hormones

Front 27

Tropic hormones

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Hormones produced by the pituitary gland that influence the release of other hormones by other glands, such as the gonads

Front 28

Turner Syndrome

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The disorder that occurs when an individual has only one chromosome of pair 23, one X chromosome. These individuals appear to be female (have the external genitalia of females) but not not have fully developed internal genitalia. They do not produce estrogens, do not undergo puberty, and are not fertile

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Wolffian system

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A system of ducts occurring in both male and female embryos that forms the basis for the development of the male internal reproductive system--testes, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens

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X chromosome

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one of the possible alternatives for chromosome pair 23. Two X chromosomes make a genetic female, whereas genetic males have only one X chromosome in pair 23

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Y chromosome

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One of the possible alternatives for chromosome pair 23. One X and one Y chromosome make a genetic male, whereas genetic females have two X chromosomes in pair 23

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Gender constancy

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The knowledge that gender is a permanent characteristic and will not change with superficial alterations

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Gender identity

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Individual identification of self as female or male

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Gender Identity Disorder

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A disorder that occurs when a child rejects the gender role that corresponds to biological sex and adopts cross-gender behaviors and possibly a cross-gender identity

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Synthesized Realism

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A mixture of actual information with phony details into a realistic portrayal that is really fiction

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Transsexual

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An individual who receives hormonal and surgical treatment to be changes to the other sex

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Bisexual

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A person who is sexually attracted to individuals of the same as well as the other gender

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Celibacy

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Refraining from sexual activity

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Coming Out

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The process of recognizing the publicly acknowledging one's gay or lesbian sexual orientation

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Cunnilingus

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Oral stimulation of the female genitals

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Date Rape/ Acquaintance Rape

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Forced sexual activity occurring between people who're acquainted with each other

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Double standard for sexual behavior

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The social standard that allows men greater freedom of sexual expression than women

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Fellatio

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Oral stimulation of the male genitals

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Gay

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An alternative for the term homosexual, emphasizing the entire lifestyle instead of only the sexual aspects of it; sometimes used to refer to both men and women, but more often to men, who feel sexual attraction for and choose sexual activity with people of the same gender

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Incest

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Sexual activity between family members

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Lesbian

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A woman who feels sexual attraction for and chooses sexual activity with other women

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Masturbation

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manipulation of the genitals to produce sexual pleasure

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Monogamy

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Having only one sexual partner

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Representative Sample

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A sample (subset) of the population that reflects the characteristics of the population from which the sample was drawn

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Self-Selection of participants

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When participants rather than researchers choose who will take part in the research. This problem biases the results and prevents generalization to a wider population

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Serial monogamy

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The practice of having a series of monogamous sexual relationships

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Sexual orientation

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The erotic attraction to members of the same or the other gender (or to both)