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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who established the MSM?
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Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968
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What are the main components of the MSM?
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Sensory Store
Short-Term Memory (STM) Long-Term Memory (LTM) |
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What means encoding?
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the way information is stored
e.g. acoustical, visual or semantic |
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Who studied STM Encoding and how?
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Baddeley (1966)
- four word lists : similar words and dissimilar words (acoustical) and semantically similar and dissimilar words => it was easier to remember dissimilar words THE LESS ALIKE WORDS SOUND, WHETHER OR NOT THEIR MEANINGS ARE SIMILAR, THE MORE LIKELY YOU ARE TO REMEMBER THEM! |
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What us chunking?
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grouping of information into larger units , meaningful bits, to increase capacity
- study by MILLER |
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What is the capacity of STM?
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5-9 items
-> Study by Jacobs (1987) - increasing lists of items |
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What is the duration of STM?
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short, less than 30 seconds
-> study by Peterson and Peterson (1959) - non-sense trigrams recall was after 3 secs 90 % and after 18 secs 5% |
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How is STM mainly encoded?
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acoustically!
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How does LTM encoding work?
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- mainly semantic for verbal information
(Baddeley, 1966 -> delayed recall!) - procedural and episodic memory are encoded differently |
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What is LTM capacity?
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- potentially unlimited but information lost due to decay and interference
-> study by Wagenaar (1986) - excellent recall of events |
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What is the duration of LTM?
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-30 seconds up to a lifetime
- skills-based rather than fact-based information -> study by Bahrick et al. (1975) - identifying old school friends => memory for faces is long-lasting |
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Which experiment might give support to the MSM with two different stores?
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The SERIAL-POSITION- EFFECT
- free-recall (not in order) with interference task -> primacy effect : words at the beginning of the list are recalled for having been constantly rehearsed and transferred to LTM -> recency effect: words from the end are recalled as they are still in STM => supports idea of separate STM and LTM! |
