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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic trust vs.
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Mistrust
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Autonomy vs.
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Shame and doubt
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Initiative vs.
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Guilt
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Industry vs.
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Inferiority
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Ego identity vs.
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role confusion
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Intimacy vs.
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Isolation
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Genurativity vs.
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Stagnation
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Ego integrity vs.
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despair
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Mistrust vs.
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Basic trust
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Shame and doubt vs.
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Autonomy
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Guilt vs.
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Initiative
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Inferiority vs.
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Industry
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Role confusion vs.
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Ego identity
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Isolation vs.
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Intimacy
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Stagnation vs.
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Genurativity
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Despair vs.
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Ego integrity
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Def: CSD
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Corresponding societal development
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What is the first CSD
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religion
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What is the 2nd CSD
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government
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What is the 3rd CSD
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economy
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What is the 4th CSD
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technology and specialization
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What is the 5th CSD
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Ideology
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What is the 6th CSD
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Ethics
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What is the 7th CSD
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All institutions have to make themselves adaptable to each generation
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What is the 8th CSD
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No institution has integrity on its own
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What are the 4 qualities of mature love
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Care, Responsibility, Respect, Knowledge
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What is care
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Active concern, nurturing
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What is responsibility
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It is a voluntary act; live up to your promises
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What is respect
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Means concern that the other person should grow and unfold as he is/respect that you can't change them
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What is knowledge
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It is motivated by concern; whatever you learn in a relationship, you can't use it to control *active and passive partners*
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What is the development
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The 8 stages; Basic trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. shame and doubt, Initiative vs. guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Ego identity vs. role confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, and Genurativity vs. Stagnation *Erik Erickson*
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What are the 2 parts of the structure
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Organism and self
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Who did the structure?
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Carl Rodgers
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Organism is
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internal/biological self
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What is the self
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how we perceive that others perceive us
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Who did the dynamics
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Erich Fromm *The Art of Loving*
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What is the dynamics
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How we should expend our energy learning to be loving people
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Who did the motivation
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Victor Frankl *he was motivated to find meaning in suffering*
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What is logotherapy
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It helps people realize that, though you may not have control over some situations, you have control over your attitude towards it
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What did Abraham Maslow do
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Created the Hierarchy of needs
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How many tiers in the hierarchy of needs
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5 tiers
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First tier in hierarchy of needs
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food, warmth, sex
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Second tier in hierarchy of needs
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safety, belongingness
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Third tier in hierarchy of needs
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love
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Fourth tier in hierarchy of needs
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Esteem
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Fifth and highest tier in hierarchy of needs
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Self-actualization
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According to Maslow, what is self-actualization
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An attempt to become God-like
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What are the deficiency needs
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food, warmth, and sex
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What are the growth needs
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Safety and belongingness, love, esteem, and self-actualization
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What is Skinner's first argument
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you can change people's actions, but you can't change their minds or opinions
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What is Skinner's second argument
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Some people don't want to be changed so badly that they go crazy if you try to change them
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What is Skinner's third argument
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You don't know what changes to make
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What is Skinner's fourth argument
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Power Corrupts- If you give scientists the power, they use it for their own selfish purposes (political problem)
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What is Skinner's fifth argument
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You can do it and make them not selfish, but you are taking away their right to do wrong - You are killing democracy
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What is the first refutation
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I can change people's minds if I use psychotherapy, advertising, and public relations
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What is the second refutation
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That's nonsense - Inept control
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What is the third refutation
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Hypothesizing is the job of scientists - let them do their job
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What is the fourth refutation
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I'll use my tools to make them not corrupt
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What is the fifth refutation
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Democracy is just a set of rules - Give my rules a try
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What is a wrong assumption about love
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The confusion between the initial experience of "falling" in love, and the permanent state of being in love, or "standing" in love
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What is the first step in overcoming man's failures in love
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Know that love is an ART, if we want to learn how to love we must proceed in the same way we have to proceed to learn any other art
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What are the 3 necessary steps in learning any art
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1) the mastery of the theory 2) the mastery of the practice 3) the mastery of the art must be a matter of ultimate concern, there must be nothing else in the world more important than the art
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What are the 3 absolute truths about man
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1) He has awareness of himself, of his fellow man, of his past, and of the possibilities of his future 2) Awareness of his aloneness and separateness 3) Awareness of his helplessness before the forces of nature and society
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List the 5 ways that man attempts to overcome "aloneness" and achieve "at-oneness"
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Orgiastic states, Conformity, Creative activity, Symbiotic union, Mature love
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List the 3 types of love
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motherly love, fatherly love, child love
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List 5 objects of love
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Erotic love, Mother love, brother love, self love, Love of God
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What is brother love
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The sense of responsibility, care, respect, and knowledge of any other human being - love for all human beings
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Why do people in western society have a problem with being loving people
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because they look at relationships in terms of capitalism and profit motive
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What is the sentence to help memorize Erickson's 8 stages
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rachel goes eating the ice every after noon
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what are the characteristics of basic trust vs. mistrust
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-age: 0-1
-self and care-givers -physical needs causing discomfort must be met -feed, change, hold, (nurture) -- child will feel worthy -CSD = religion |
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What are the characteristics of Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
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-age: 1-2 (major word= no!)
-self, caregivers -need to explore on your own -parent must learn when to hold on and let go -CSD= government - so there won't be chaos |
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What are the characteristics of Initiative vs. Guilt
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-age: 2-5 (major word = why?)
-parents and child -child needs to set own rules -let them set rules -CSD= economy |
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What are the Identifications (5)
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Narcissistic, goal-oriented, object-loss, primitive, fear
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What are the types of anxiety
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Reality, moral, neurotic
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What is the function of the id
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it is the seat of unconscious, seat of instincts, seat of primary process
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What is the job of the ego
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Mediates between the id and the superego, conscious/unconscious, seat of secondary process, reality principle
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what is the superego
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conscious, has 2 parts: ego-ideal, conscience
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What are the defense mechanisms (6)
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displacement, sublimation, repression, (proper and primal) regression, projection, reaction-formation
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What do behaviorists believe
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When you're born, you're a blank slate. You become everything you are- sum of all your experiences
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What is classical conditioning
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Means "learning" a lasting change in behavior as a result of experience
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US ellicits
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UR
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CS ellicits
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CR
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What is the Thorndike principle
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we repeat actions we associate with pleasure, and avoid actions we associate with pain
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what is generalization
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responding to a class of stimuli
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What is discrimination
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responding to single stimulation
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What is extinction
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Removal of a stimulus so response will go away
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Who created operant conditioning
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B.F. Skinner
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Definition of operant conditioning
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Creating behaviors by focusing on their positive or negative consequences
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What is a positive reinforcer
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any event which when used encourages the same behavior
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What is a reward
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An event which encourages the production of a behavior
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What is a negative reinforcer
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Any event which discourages the production of a behavior
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What is a punisher
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Associates a behavior with pain (after the behavior has occurred)
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What is premacking
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Rewarding low probability behavior with high probability behavior ("If you eat your carrots, you can have dessert")
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What is shaping
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Rewarding desired approximations of behavior
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Varied interval
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unfixed amount of time
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Varied ratio
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based on number of responses
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Fixed interval
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set amount of time
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Who is associated with Social Cognitive Behaviorism
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Albert Bandura
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Who is associated with the Theory of Laws of Control (internal external, stable unstable)
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Martin Seligman
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What is the motivation of Behaviorism
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Build a better environment, and through it, better people
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