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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensory encoding |
All the senses |
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Sensory capacity |
Couple of seconds |
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Sensory duratjon |
Limited |
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Short term encoding |
Visual and auditory |
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STM capacity |
5-9 chunks of info |
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STM duration |
15-18 seconds |
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STM studies |
Duration- Peterson and Peterson Capacity- Miller and Cown and Jacobs Encoding- baddely |
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LTM Encoding |
Semantic |
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LTM capacity |
Unlimited |
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LTM duration |
Unlimited |
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Studies for LTM |
Encoding- Baddely Duration-Bahrick et al |
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Peterson and Peterson aim |
Investigate duration of STM and provide evidence for MULTI STORY MODEL |
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P+P procedure |
Nonsense trigrams and asked to recall after 3, 6, 9, 12, 18. During the pause they were given an interference task by counting back in 3's. This stopped the pp's from repeating the trigrams to themselves |
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Results of P+P |
80% correct after 3 seconds, after 18 seconds only 10% correct |
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Conclusion of P+P |
If rehearsal is prevented, little can stay in the STM after 18 seconds |
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Eval of P and P |
Lab experiment - reliable tightly controlled variables Lacks ecological validity No meaning |
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Miller? |
Found that people can remember about 7 items, he argues that the capacity is 7+\-2 and that's 'millers magic number'. Suggests chunking. |
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what is chunking? |
Combining individual letters and numbers into larger more meaningful units |
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Cowen? |
Evaluative point for miller. Says capacity is more like 4 items and millers over estimation might be due to some rehearsal still happening and the experiment would still be straying LTM |
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Baddely. Badd |
Long term and Short term encoding |
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Baddely ajm |
Exploring effects of acoustic and semantic coding in STM and LTM |
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Baddely method |
Pp's were given 4 sets of words that were either acoustically similar, accloustically dissmiliar, semantically similar and semantically dissmiliar. Independent groups design - asked to either recall straight away or after 20 minutes |
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Baddely results |
Problems recalling acoustically similar words when recalling immediately (from STM) but when recalling after an interval, they had problems with semantically similar words |
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Conclusion of Baddely |
The patterns of confusion between similar words suggest that the LTM is more semantic encoding, and the STM is acoustic encoding |
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Eval of Baddely |
Lacks Eco validity Experiment doesn't consider different types of LTM Independent groups design - any control of participant variables |
