Awc Psych Test 3

Front 1

List, define and give an example of the 3 parts of Freud's Psychoanalytic perspective (pg411-412)

Back 1

Id-Is made up of biologically inherited urges, impulses and desires. Operates on the pleasure principle-Whatever feels good. Babies don’t have an ID-clean slate-no thought process.
Impulsive.

Ego-The conscious rational part of the personality that thinks, plans and decides. Ruled by the reality principle. Delayed gratification until a time is more likely.The ego mediates between the biological, unconscious impulses of the id and the denying social environment.

Super Ego-Roughly the conscience begins to develop about 4-5 years old. Internal monitoring system. We learn to channel our behavior in socially acceptable ways and repress socially undesirable thoughts and actions.

The ID demands satisfaction; the SUPEREGO prohibits it and the EGO provides rational information in this conflict-it attempts to gain satisfaction within the limits set by the superego and the environment. Devil on shoulder is ID; angel on other side is Superego.

Front 2

List, define and give an example of the 8 defense mechanisms (pg 456-458):

Back 2

Denial-Protecting oneself from an unpleasant reality by refusing to accept it or believe it. Telling his friend that her husband was cheating on her.

Repression-We use it to protect ourselves by blocking our threatening thoughts and impulses. We are most likely to repress information that threatens our self-image. Holocaust survivor who had forgotten what she saw when she was a little girl at the camp.

Reaction Formation-The basic idea in a reaction formation is that the individual acts out an opposite behavior to block threatening impulses or feelings. Impulses are not just repressed, they are also held in check by exaggerating opposite behavior. A person hooked on porn goes around preaching that porn is bad.

Regression-In its broadest meaning, regression refers to any return to earlier, less demanding situations or habits. Regresses back to their childhood-Bedwetting-Childish speech-Getting homesick from summer camp-Child wants to go home where it’s safe.

Front 3

List, define and give an example of the 8 defense mechanisms (pg 456-458):

Back 3

Projection-An unconscious process that protects us from the anxiety we would feel if we were to discern our faults. Lowers anxiety by exaggerating negative traits in others. This justifies one’s own actions and directs attention away from personal failings.

Rationalization-The making of excuses comes from a natural tendency to explain our behavior. Refers to justifying personal actions by giving “rational” but false reasons for them. When the explanation you give for your behavior is reasonable and convincing-but not the real reason-you are rationalizing.

Compensation-Compensatory reactions are defenses against feelings of inferiority. A person who has a defect or weakness (real or imagined) may go to unusual lengths to overcome the weakness or to compensate for it by excelling in other areas.

Sublimation-Defined as working off frustrated desires (especially sexual desires) through socially acceptable activities. Freud felt that almost any strong desire could be sublimated.

Front 4

List, define and give an example of the 4 stages of Freud’s Personality Development Theory (pg 413-414):

Back 4

Oral Stage-Fixation early in the oral stage produces an oral-dependent personality-They are gullible-They swallow things easily, Passive, They like to argue, and Need lots of attention. Fixations create cynical oral aggressive adults who exploit other adults-oral needs include:Gum chewing, Nail biting, Smoking, Kissing, over eating, Alcoholism. They like to argue, Oral dependent, Shy, Needy, Gullible, Oral aggressive, and cynical.

Anal stage-Ages 1-3-During potty training, the child can gain approval, express rebellion or aggression by “holding on” or “letting go”. Harsh or lenient toilet training can cause an anal fixation. Anal retentive (holding on) personality-Obstinate-Stingy-Orderly-Compulsively clean

Anal expulsive personality-Disorderly-Destructive-Cruel-Messy
His son would get upset that his shirt would get “dirty” from water despite what he told him. Micro-manager as a boss, Retentive kids color within the lines. Wife was messy- before they were married.

Front 5

List, define and give an example of the 4 stages of Freud’s Personality Development Theory (pg 413-414):

Back 5

Phallic stage-Phallic personalities develop between ages 3-6-Vanity-Exhibitionism-Sensitive pride-Narcissism (self-love)-Increased sexual interest causes the child to be physically attracted to the parent of the opposite sex. Oedipal conflict in males-Boys feels rivalry with father for the affection of mother. Boy fears castration-Boy must identify with father and become like him, take his values and then rivalry will end. Girls have Electra conflict-Girl loves her father and competes with mother. The girl will identify with mother eventually. Son climbs into bed with parents-father tells him to go back to room-mother says its ok-boy goes to room but later climbs back into the bed when the father is asleep.

Genital stage-Begins at puberty-Growing capacity for responsible social-sexual relationships.-Ends with a mature capacity for love and the realization of full adult sexuality.

Front 6

List, define and give an example of the 4 basic forms of Conflict (pg 454-55)

Back 6

Approach-approach conflict
Have to choose between two positive or desirable alternatives.
Choose between two different flavors of ice cream

Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Person is caught between a rock and a hard place.
Have to choose between two negative conflicts
Unwanted pregnancy and abortion.

Approach-avoidance conflict
Being attracted to and repelled by the same goal or activity
Going on a diet

Double approach-avoidance conflict
-Multiple Conflict.
Being simultaneously attracted to and repelled by each of two alternatives.
Wanting to buy a new car, but since person has a car already they don’t have to make payments.

Front 7

List, define and give an example of the 4 major subtypes of Schizophrenia (pg 487-88)

Back 7

Disorganized Schizophrenia or aka hebephrenic schizophrenia
Marked by incoherence, grossly disorganized behavior, bizarre thinking and flat or grossly inappropriate emotions.
Silliness, laughter and bizarre behavior
Personality disintegration is almost complete
Typically develops in adolescence or young adulthood with limited chance or improvement and social impairment is extreme.
Silence of the lamb movie.

Catatonic schizophrenia
Marked by stupor, rigidity, unresponsiveness, posturing, mutism, and, sometimes, agitated purposeless behavior.
Person seems to be in a state of total panic.
Stuporous condition in which odd positions may be held for long periods of time.
May occasionally give way to agitated outbursts or violent behavior. Movie Awakening

Front 8

List, define and give an example of the 4 major subtypes of Schizophrenia (pg 487-88)

Back 8

Paranoid schizophrenia (most common)
Marked by a preoccupation with delusions or by frequent auditory hallucinations related to a single theme, especially grandeur or persecution.
May be forced into violence to “protect” themselves.
Can “hear” voices.
Believe that god, government, aliens or such are controlling their minds.
Ted Kaczynski-Unabomber.

Undifferentiated schizophrenia
Lacking the specific features of catatonic, disorganized, or paranoid types. Patients may shift from one pattern of schizophrenia to another at different times and therefore are simply classified as suffering from undifferentiated schizophrenia.

Front 9

Personality (405-06):

Back 9

A person’s unique and relatively stable patterns of thinking, emotions and behavior.

Front 10

Oedipal Conflict (412):

Back 10

A boy’s sexual attraction to his mother, and feelings of rivalry with his father.

Front 11

Self-actualization (27):

Back 11

The ongoing process of fully developing one’s personal potential.

Front 12

Stress (446):

Back 12

The mental and physical condition that occurs when a person must adjust or adapt to the environment.

Front 13

Emotion-focused coping (451):

Back 13

Managing or controlling one’s emotional reaction to a stressful or threatening situation.

Front 14

Displaced Aggression (452):

Back 14

Redirecting aggression to a target other than the actual source of one’s frustration.

Front 15

Psychosomatic disorder (463):

Back 15

Illnesses in which psychological factors contribute to bodily damage or to damaging changes in bodily functioning.

Front 16

Psychotic disorder (479):

Back 16

A severe mental disorder characterized by a retreat from reality, by hallucinations and delusions, and by social withdrawal.

Front 17

Psychosis (485):

Back 17

A withdrawal from reality marked by hallucinations and delusions, disturbed thought and emotions and personality disorganization.

Front 18

Bipolar Disorder (480):

Back 18

Emotional disorders involving both depression and mania or hypomania.

Front 19

Dissociative disorder (480):

Back 19

Temporary amnesia, multiple personality or depersonalization.

Front 20

Antisocial/psychopathic personality (503):

Back 20

A person who lacks a conscience; is emotionally shallow, impulsive, selfish; and tends to manipulate others.

Front 21

Sigmund Freud (26):

Back 21

Greatest contribution was his work regarding the influence of early childhood experiences on personality development. Added psychological treatments methods to psychiatry.

Front 22

Electra Conflict (412):

Back 22

A girl’s sexual attraction to her father and feelings of rivalry with her mother.

Front 23

Self-image (419):

Back 23

Total subjective perception of one’s body and personality (another term for self-concept).

Front 24

Pressure (449):

Back 24

A stressful condition that occurs when a person must meet urgent external demands or expectations.

Front 25

Frustration (451):

Back 25

A negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from reaching a goal.

Front 26

Scapegoating (453):

Back 26

Blaming a person or a group of people for conditions not of their making.

Front 27

Hardy Personality (467):

Back 27

A personality style associated with superior stress and resistance.

Front 28

Organic mental disorder (479):

Back 28

A mental or emotional problem caused by brain diseases or injuries.

Front 29

Delusions (485):

Back 29

A false belief held against all contrary evidence.

Front 30

PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder (499):

Back 30

A psychological disturbance lasting more than 1 month following stresses that would produce anxiety in anyone who experienced them.

Front 31

Fugue (dissociative):

Back 31

A state of mind wherein one’s entire personal identity is abandoned and no other reasonable explanation (substance abuse, medication, a medical condition) is available. Also known as psychogenic fugue.

Front 32

Latency (414):

Back 32

A quiet time during which psychosexual development is dormant.

Front 33

Karen Horney (1885-1952), (415):

Back 33

She was among the first to challenge the obvious male bias in Freud’s thinking. She also disagreed with Freud about the causes of neurosis. Her view of “basic anxiety” occurs when people feel isolated and helpless in a hostile world.

Front 34

Health Psychology (443):

Back 34

Study of the ways in which behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health.

Front 35

Burnout (449):

Back 35

A work-related condition of mental, physical and emotional exhaustion.

Front 36

Problem-focused Coping (451):

Back 36

Directly managing or remedying a stressful or threatening situation.

Front 37

Learned Helplessness (459):

Back 37

A learned inability to overcome obstacles or to avoid punishment; learned passivity and inaction to aversive stimuli.

Front 38

Insanity (479):

Back 38

A legal term that refers to a mental inability to manage one’s affairs or to be aware of the consequences of one’s actions.

Front 39

Psychopathology (477):

Back 39

The scientific study of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders; also, abnormal or maladaptive behavior.

Front 40

Hallucination/s (143):

Back 40

An imaginary sensation-such as seeing, hearing or smelling something that does not exist in the eternal world.

Front 41

OCD-Obsessive-compulsive disorder (499)

Back 41

An extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and compulsive performance of certain behaviors.

Front 42

Dissociative Identity (499)

Back 42

The presence of two or more distinct personalities (multiple personality)