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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Refers to innate, inherited reasoning abilities, memory, and speed of information processing, relatively independent of education |
fluid intelligence |
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refers to the store of knowledge and skills gained through experience and education that increase over a lifetime |
crystallized intelligence |
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Stages of Pregnancy |
1. Germinal Period 2. Embryonic Period 3. Fetal Period |
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Which environmental agents can cross the placenta barrier and cause damage to the fetus? |
Xrays, legal drugs, german measles, HIV, nicotine, and alcohol. (D. All of the above) |
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_______ occurs when existing schemas are used to interpret new information, whereas ______ involves changes and adaptations of the schemas. |
Assimilation; accommodation |
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The personal fable and risk taking that occur during adolescent egocentrism are due primarily to the underdevelopment of what part of the brain? |
prefrontal cortex |
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Reasons that many teenagers exhibit moodiness, irritability, and impulsive behavior is due to a combination of ______ and _____. |
Oversized limbic system; underdeveloped prefrontal cortex. |
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_____ refers to biological changes during adolescence that lead to an adult-sized body and sexual maturity. |
Puberty |
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What conclusions can be drawn from infant-attachment and adult relationship studies? |
Early attachment is likely to predict adult relationship styles |
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3 Major Parenting Styles |
Permissive, Authoritarian, Authoritative |
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Less controlling and behave with a non-punishing and accepting attitude towards their children's impulses, desires, and actions. |
Permissive Parents |
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Attempt to shape, control, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of their children in accordance with a set standard of conduct, usually an absolute standard that comes from religious or respected authorities. |
Authoritarian parents |
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Attempt to direct their children's activities in a rational and intelligent way. They are supportive, loving, and committed, encourage verbal give and take, and discuss their rules. |
Authoritative Parents |
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Failure to resolve the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson's theory will cause subsequent problems with _____. |
relationships |
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______ refers to the desire to perform an act for its own sake, whereas ____ refers to the desire to perform an act because of external rewards or the avoidance of punishment. |
Intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation |
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Yerkes Dodson Law Most of us perform best on difficult tasks when we experience______ and perform best of easy tasks when we experience ____. |
High arousal; low arousal |
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According to the facial-feedback hypothesis, expressing an emotion should ______. |
intensify it |
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________ operates on the pleasure principle |
id |
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_______ operates on the reality principle |
ego |
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______ contains the conscience and the ego-ideal, which provide moral guidance for the ego. |
superego |
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To prevent the ______ associated with the ego's failure to satisfy both the id and superego, people develop and use ______. |
conscious anxiety; defense mechanisms |
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Compared to introverts, extroverts tend to have ______. |
lower levels of physiological arousal |
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We misjudge the causes of another person's behavior because we overestimate internal, personal factors and underestimate external, situational influences. This is called ____. |
the fundamental attribution error |
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Faulty decision making that is the result of a highly cohesive group striving for agreement to the point of avoiding inconsistent information is known as _____. |
groupthink |
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Prejudice is______; discrimination is______ |
an attitude; a behavior |
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People use stereotypes as ______. |
mental shortcuts to help free up mental resources |
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The major cementing factor in maintaining a long-term relationship is ______. |
similarity |
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Sternburg's Theory of Love is based on mutual feelings of ______. |
intimacy, passion, and commitment |
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About _______ of people with a lifetime mental disorder do not ask for nor receive any professional treatment. |
60% |
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The most common mental disorder among adults in the United States today. |
Anxiety disorders |
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Mood disorders include______. |
depression and mania |
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Anxiety is experienced by nearly everyone, and is not a mental disorder unless _____. |
Its chronic intensity disrupts your life |
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Compulsions refer to ________; whereas obsessions refer to _________. |
senseless behaviors; exaggerated thoughts |
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People who attribute bad outcomes to themselves and good outcomes to external factors are more prone to _____ than people who do the opposite. |
depression |
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A disorder that is characterized by severely disturbed perception, language, thought, emotion, and behavior is ______. |
schizophrenia |
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The presence of inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that significantly impair social occupational functioning is a characteristic of _______. |
personality disorders |
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Egocentrism, lack of a conscience, impulsive behavior, and superficial charm are characteristic of someone with |
an antisocial personality disorder |
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________ is characterized by impulsivity, and an instability of mood, relationships, and self-image. |
borderline personality disorder |