Psychology Final

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abnormal behavior

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behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time.

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medical model

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the view that psychological disorders are medical diseases with a biological origin.

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DSM-IV

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the diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorders, fourth edition; the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.

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Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence and communication disorders.

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include disorders that appear before adolescence, such as ADHD and learning disorders.

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anxiety disorders

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characterized by motor tension. hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations/ thoughts. include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobic disorder, OCD, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

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somatoform disorders

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occur when psychological symptoms take a physical form even though no physical causes can be found.

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factitious disorder

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Characterized by the individuals deliberate fabrication of a medical or mental disorder, but not for external gain.

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dissociative disorders

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involve a sudden loss of memory or change of identity. include the disorders of dissociative amnesia, dissociatice fugue and dementia related to Alzheimer disease

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delirium, dementia, amnesia, and other cognitive disorders

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mental disorders involving problems in consciousness and cognition, such as substance induced delirium or dementia related to alzheimer disease

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mood disorders

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disorders in which there is a primary disturbance in mood, include depressive disorders and bipolar disorder

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schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

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disorders characterized by distorted thoughts and perceptions, odd communication, inappropriate emotion, and other unusual behaviors.

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substance related disorders

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include alcohol related disorders, cocaine related disorders, hallucinogen related disorders and other drug related disorders

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sexual and gender identity disorders

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consists of three main types of disorders, gender identity disorders, paraphilias, and sexual dysfunction.

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eating disorders

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include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder.

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sleep disorders

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consists of primary sleep disorders, such as insomnia and narcolepsy, and sleep disorders due to medical condition.

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impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified

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include kleptomania, pyromania, and compulsive gambling.

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adjustment disorders

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characterized by distressing emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor

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mental retardation

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low intellectual functioning and an inability to adapt to everyday life.

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personality disorders

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develop when personality traits become inflexible and maladaptive. include antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder

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other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention

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relation problems, problems related to abuse or neglect. bereavement , academic problems, religious or spiritual problems.

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ADHD

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one of the most common psychological disorders of childhood, in which individuals show one or more of the following: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

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generalized anxiety disorders

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psychological disorder marked by persistent anxiety for at least 6 months. and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for the anxiety

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panic disorder

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anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause

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phobic disorder

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anxiety disorder characterized by an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation.

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OCD

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anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety provoking thoughts that will not go away and or urges to perform repetitive ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation

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Post traumatic stress disorder

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anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, a severely oppressive situation, cruel oppressive situation, cruel abuse, or a natural or an unnatural disaster.

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mood disorders

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psychological disorders- the main types of which are depressive disorders and bipolar disorders in which there is primary disturbance of mood; prolonged emotion that colors the individuals entire emotional state.

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depressive disorders

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mood disorders in which the individual suffers from depression and unrelenting lack of pleasure in life

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major depressive disorder

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psychological disorder involving a major depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness for atleast two weeks

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dysthymic disorder

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mood disorder that is generally more chronic and has fewer symptoms than major depressive disorder

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learned helplessness

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an individual acquisition of feelings of powerlessness when he or she is exposed to aversive circumstances such as prolonged stress over which the individual has no control.

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bipolar disorder

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mood disaster characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.

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anorexia nervosa

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eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

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bulimia nervosa

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eating disorder in which an individual consistently follows a binge and purge eating pattern.

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binge eating disorder

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eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large amounts of food during which the person feels a lack of control over eating.

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dissociative disorders

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psychological disorders that involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identify due to the dissociation of the individuals conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts.

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dissociative fugue

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dissociative disorder in which the individual not only develops amnesia but also unexpectedly travels away from home and assumes a new identity

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dissociative amnesia

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dissociative disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress.

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dissociative identity disorder

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formerly called multiple personality disorder, a dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or memories, behaviors, and relationships.

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schizophrenia

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severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes, referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality.

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referential thinking

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ascribing personal meaning to completely random events

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hallucinations

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sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli

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delusions

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false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individuals culture.

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catatonia

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state of immobility and unresponsiveness, lasting for long period of time.

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flat affect

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the display of little or no emotion- a common negative symptom of schizophrenia

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personality disorders

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chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavior patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individuals personality

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antisocial personality disorder

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psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit.

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borderline personality disorder

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psychological disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self image and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts