Psychology Final

Front 1

The brain is part of the

Back 1

central nervous system

Front 2

The major function of the ________ nervous system is to carry information to and from the _____ nervous system.

Back 2

peripheral; central

Front 3

Nerve connections to the muscles and skin are provided by the _____ division of the peripheral nervous system

Back 3

somatic

Front 4

The sympathetic branch is responsible for _____ arousal.

Back 4

increasing

Front 5

You barely escaped an attack from a large, frightening dog. When you safely arrive at your home you are able to relax because of the _____ branch of the nervous system.

Back 5

parasympathetic

Front 6

_________ occurs due to an over reaction of the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system.

Back 6

Voodoo death

Front 7

The brain is composed of layers that

Back 7

were developed over the course of evolution

Front 8

The ____ layers of the brain are responsible for more primitive activities, while the ____ layers are in control of more complex activities.

Back 8

bottom, top

Front 9

The concept of ______ refers to the fact that different parts of the brain control different behaviors.

Back 9

localization of function

Front 10

Early physiologists who used phrenology believed which of the following statements:

Back 10

Lumps on the skull could be used to identify abilities and personality traits

b. Different parts of the brain were responsible for different functions

Front 11

Which of the following structures are a part of the brain stem?

Back 11

b. Medulla, pons, reticular activating system

Front 12

This structure of the brain stem produces neurological activity during sleep and that activity causes dreams.

Back 12

pons

Front 13

14. High levels of morphine may cause death due to reduced neurological activity in what area of the brain.

Back 13

medulla

Front 14

What is the function of the reticular activating system?

Back 14

It carries stimulation from the brain stem to higher areas of the brain

Front 15

Homeostasis is controlled by what structure in the limbic system?

Back 15

hypothalamus

Front 16

The role of the ____ in the control of appetite was demonstrated in early research on rats. When lesions were made in one area of this structure, the rats developed a voracious appetite and experienced significant weight gain. However, when the lesions were made in different area of the same structure, they stopped eating. What is this structure called?

Back 16

hypothalamus

Front 17

Some cases of ______ are due to low levels of neurological activity in the hypothalamus.

Back 17

depression

Front 18

Deterioration of the hippocampus is seen in which illness:

Back 18

Alzheimer’s disease

Front 19

High levels of electrical activity in the ______ can lead to violent outbursts in humans

Back 19

amygdala

Front 20

The _____ is involved in the processing of memories of emotional events

Back 20

amygdala

Front 21

The limbic system consists of what three structures

Back 21

amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus

Front 22

This structure is responsible for interpreting incoming sensory stimuli.

Back 22

thalamus

Front 23

These areas of the brain receives stimulation from various parts of the body and are responsible for feelings of touch and pain

Back 23

somatosensory areas

Front 24

Parkinsons disease is a result of ______ neurological activity in the _______.

Back 24

excessive, basal ganglia

Front 25

The ________ divides the brain into the front and back half

Back 25

central fissure

Front 26

What area of the brain contains the most neurons?

Back 26

cortex

Front 27

Each hemisphere is made up of what four lobes?

Back 27

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Front 28

The backs of the hemispheres house the ______.

Back 28

occipital lobes

Front 29

The occipital lobes contain the ______ of the brain

Back 29

visual sensory areas

Front 30

Your teeth are represented in:

Back 30

the somatosensory area of the brain

Front 31

Which of the following statements is true regarding the proportion of the brain devoted to association areas

Back 31

Humans have a larger proportion of the brain devoted to association areas than animals

Front 32

The brain structure that provides a communication link between the hemispheres is called the:

Back 32

corpus callosum

Front 33

The right side of the body is controlled by the:

Back 33

left hemisphere

Front 34

In most people, the left hemisphere is responsible for ____ abilities

Back 34

language

Front 35

An individual is thought to have deterioration in his or her right hemisphere. If this is true, what might you notice about the individual?

Back 35

He/She has experienced a decrease in emotional expression.

Front 36

An individual suffering from quadriplegia most likely experienced

Back 36

a break in the upper portion of the spinal cord.

Front 37

The portion of the neuron that receives stimulation from other neurons is the:

Back 37

dendrite

Front 38

The portion of the neuron that carries the nerve impulse out to other neurons is the

Back 38

axon.

Front 39

The nerve impulse jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next one in neurons that are

Back 39

myelinated

Front 40

Deterioration of the myelin sheath causes

Back 40

multiple sclerosis

Front 41

An example of a drug that would affect a nerve impulse by clogging the sodium/potassium channels is:

Back 41

Novocaine

Front 42

When nerve impulses are transmitted, an electrical process occurs in the _____, and a chemical process occurs in the _____.

Back 42

axon, synaptic gap

Front 43

Taking a drug that influences neurotransmitter activity in more than one area of the brain would be likely to cause

Back 43

side effects

Front 44

A drug that works by blocking the reuptake of a neurotransmitter and leaves more of the neurotransmitter in the synapse is:

Back 44

Zoloft

Front 45

Underactivity of inhibitory neurons can be associated with:

Back 45

high levels of anxiety

Front 46

Steve is in an accident and suffers injuries that cause nerves in his arm and in his brain to die. Which nerves, if any, will regenerate?

Back 46

the neurons in his arm will regenerate but not those in his brain

Front 47

The example of workers building a number of different roads and then choosing to only repair and maintain those that were used frequently while letting the unused roads deteriorate is analogous to what neural process?

Back 47

neural pruning

Front 48

Branching of dendrites is associated with:

Back 48

learning

Front 49

The adrenal gland releases:

Back 49

epinephrine

Front 50

Adrenalin is the basis for _____ that increase arousal and are useful in treating disorders such as asthma, whereas testosterone is the basis for ______ that are useful for building new tissues

Back 50

corticosteroids, anabolic steroids

Front 51

Which of the following is NOT true of anabolic steroids? Anabolic steroids _____

Back 51

are produced by the adrenal glands

Front 52

Studies of differences in brain structures have produced evidence that:

Back 52

women have a larger corpus callosum than men

Front 53

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a factor that influences synaptic transmission?

Back 53

presence of myelin

Front 54

Which of the following examples would be attributed to neural plasticity?

Back 54

An individual regains his/her ability to walk after being paralyzed from a stroke

Front 55

Conducting a true experiment allows researchers to

Back 55

determine causation

Front 56

The reliability of a relationship between two variables can be determined from _________ but NOT from __________.

Back 56

correlational studies; case studies

Front 57

A relationship between two variables can be expressed as a number ranging from -1.00 to +1.00. This number is called a

Back 57

correlation coefficient

Front 58

Blood alcohol level and number of beers consumed are generally:

Back 58

positively correlated

Front 59

The number of hours studied for an exam is probably __________ with the number of items a person gets correct on that exam

Back 59

positively correlated

Front 60

A negative correlation would most likely be seen between

Back 60

cigarettes smoked and life expectancy

Front 61

Controlled experiments allow the determination of

Back 61

causation

Front 62

An advantage of longitudinal studies is that they

Back 62

are useful for studying the effects of time

Front 63

Ideally, researchers should try to _____ when possible in order to minimize confounding variables

Back 63

randomly assign participants to conditions

Front 64

The most efficient and practical way to study the relationship between age and physical illnesses would be to

Back 64

do a cross-sectional study

Front 65

A _____ would be the best method for studying the relationship between age and political awareness

Back 65

longitudinal study

Front 66

A good way to measure the effect of the environment on depression would be to

Back 66

compare the levels of depression across various environments

Front 67

To determine which drug is more effective in reducing depression, an experiment was done in which 50 depressed college students were given treatment X and 50 depressed professors were given treatment Y. The levels of depression were measured by an independent investigator who did not know who was in which condition. This experiment is

Back 67

confounded

Front 68

In your text a case study about the effect of sensory deprivation is described. This case study is discussed because it demonstrates that:

Back 68

the expectations of participants can effect research outcome

Front 69

Results of research on facilitated communication revealed that:

Back 69

the facilitator expectation influenced the outcome of the facilitated communication

Front 70

A double-blind procedure means that _____________ and _____________ do not know who has been assigned to which condition of an experiment

Back 70

the participants in all conditions; the experimenters

Front 71

One potential problem with the use of animals in psychological research is that

Back 71

animal studies often lack generalizability to human situations

Front 72

An experimenter wants study how extremely stressful states affect memory. However, he knows it would be unethical and impractical to reproduce a situation that would be extremely stressful for the participants in his experiment. Therefore he decides to create a milder and less stressful situation. This is an example of:

Back 72

an analogue experiment

Front 73

A researcher is interested in studying effects of smoking on lung cancer. It is probably unethical and impractical to ask potential participants to begin smoking, and therefore she cannot do a true experiment. Instead she might conduct ______.

Back 73

a quasi experiment

Front 74

Results of a study are said to be generalizable if

Back 74

they can be applied to other people or situations

Front 75

An investigator is interested in determining the affects of alcohol on academic performance in college students. She decides to follow a sample of young adults from their freshman year until they graduate. This is an example of what kind of study.

Back 75

a longitudinal study

Front 76

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency:

Back 76

mode

Front 77

The median is calculated by

Back 77

finding the middle score in a distribution

Front 78

A distribution has scores of 2, 8, 10, 12, 12, 18, and 32 In that distribution, what two measures of central tendency are the same

Back 78

median and mode

Front 79

A distribution has a variance of 16. What is the standard deviation of the distribution?

Back 79

4

Front 80

Which of the following statements is true about statistically significant findings:

Back 80

They are expected to occur fewer than 5 times in 100 by chance

Front 81

Twenty well-controlled experiments are conducted to determine whether NutraSweet causes cancer in rats. The results of each experiment show that NutraSweet does not promote tumorous cells at a faster rate than no treatment or a placebo. From those results it can be concluded that:

Back 81

there is no evidence that NutraSweet promotes cancer growth

Front 82

Who believed that differences in behavior are caused by differences in bodily humors or biles?

Back 82

Hippocrates

Front 83

Who believed that variations in experience are the primary factor affecting differences in behavior?

Back 83

Aristotle

Front 84

The first psychology lab was founded by

Back 84

Wilhelm Wundt

Front 85

Psychologists who emphasize the functional approach are interested in:

Back 85

how experiences help humans adapt to situations

Front 86

When psychologists take the structural approach to psychology they are interested in:

Back 86

determining what components go together to result in an experience

Front 87

Psychologists who believe in the Gestalt approach to psychology take the position that

Back 87

experience can be best understood by considering it a unified whole

Front 88

Which of the following situations best illustrates a belief in the structuralist approach?

Back 88

you believe a painting is best interpreted by looking closely at the different colors and textures within the painting

Front 89

If a person accepts the psychodynamic approach to psychology, he or she believes that many of our behaviors

Back 89

are the result of unconscious needs and urges

Front 90

Which of the following is most likely to have been said by Sigmund Freud?

Back 90

our behavior is due to unconscious urges, many of which are associated with sex

Front 91

John Watson would most likely have said which of the following?

Back 91

our behavior is primarily the result of things you have learned

Front 92

If you were a humanistic psychologist you would most likely believe which of the following about behaviors?

Back 92

behaviors are the result of attempts to achieve goodness, personal wholeness, love, self-esteem and self-fulfillment

Front 93

In the cognitive perspective, behavior is believed to be primarily influenced by

Back 93

what an individual thinks

Front 94

Little Albert is an important figure in psychology because he illustrated that:

Back 94

conditioning can play an important role in understanding human behavior

Front 95

Bobby is depressed and decides to visit a psychologist. If the psychologist takes a physiological perspective, which of the following would he or she most likely believe is causing Bobby’s depression?

Back 95

He has a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in his brain

Front 96

Wilhelm Wundt brought ____________ and ____________ together to work in his lab.

Back 96

philosophers; physiologists

Front 97

With regard to the different explanations for behavior, which of the following is true?

Back 97

multiple explanations are correct for some behaviors

Front 98

Which of the following distinguishes psychiatrists from psychologists?

Back 98

A psychiatrist has an M.D. degree whereas a psychologist usually has a Ph.D.