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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 Stage Processing Model |
Sensory Memory, Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory |
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3 Processes |
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval |
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Encoding |
info is encoded into memory; allows the perceived item of use or interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored within the brain |
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Storage |
Retain encoded info over time |
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Retrieval |
get the info back-remember it; most problems occur here; calmness helps retrieval |
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3 Stages of Memory |
Sensory Register (Memory)- shortest Short Term Memory (STM)- short Long Term Memory (LTM)- long |
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Sensory Mem |
holds exact copy of sensory event very briefly-capacity is vast but the ability to hold it is small |
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STM |
George Miller Brief storage-15-30 sec Rehearsal- can increase length of time Capacity- chunking can increase- ex: phone numbers 7 digits
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LTM |
Capacity-unlimited Duration-some memories are permanent Retrieval- info is organized, indexed retrieval cues more connections=more cues |
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3 Types of LTM |
Procedural-how to do things Episodic-specific experiences and info Semantic-meanings of words, concepts, facts |
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Visual Encoding |
Mental pictures-powerful when combined with semantic encoding Visual Capture (vision is the sense that trumps everything)
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Retrieval Cues |
Fail to remember not b/c it wasn't stored but you couldn't find it With a cue you could remember it |
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Is LTM unlimited? |
YES |
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Is recognition easier then recall? |
YES |
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Prior Knwoledge |
Easier to relate new ideas to old ones thus the rich in knowledge get richer and the poor get poorer Ex: the older you are the more metacognition you have; one exception-you can learn language better younger |
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Rehearsal- 2 types |
Maintenance Rehearsal- mental or verbal repetition of info to maintain it beyond STM's 30 seconds (bad for studying) Elaborate Rehearsal- focus on meaning of info makes it easier to remember |
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Primacy Effect |
You remember things at the beginning of a list |
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Recency Effect |
You remember things at the end of the list |
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Reconstruction When are memories reconstructed? |
during retrieval |
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Source Memory |
Forgetting where you learned something |
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Flashbulb Memories |
Incredibly vivd memories about distinct events confidence is high, accuracy may not be subject to distortion
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Why do we forget? |
incomplete encoding LTM decay LTM retrieval problems, including interference from other memories we intended to-deciding something is unimportant |
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Motivated forgetting |
undesired memory is held back from awareness
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Supression |
Conscious forgetting
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Repression |
unconscious forgetting |
