Psychology Exam Ii

Front 1

What is learning ?

Back 1

a CHANGE in behavior or knowledge due to experience

Front 2

Behaviorism View

on learning

Back 2

forming associations between external stiuli (s) and behavioral responses (r).

- shaped by antecedants (s-r) and consequences (r-s)

Front 3

Cognitive View

on learning

Back 3

reorganizing mental structure, seeing new relationships, gaining "insight" and "understanding"

Front 4

Classical conditioning

Back 4

Pavlov's dogs

a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to produce a response (s-r)

Front 5

Law of Reversibility (learning)

Back 5

if you stop pairing the stimuli, learned response will disappear (extinction)

Front 6

Generalization (learning)

Back 6

When learning spreads to similar stimuli

Front 7

Counter Condition

Back 7

reversing the conditioning

Front 8

Who did operant conditioning with the rats?

Back 8

BF Skinner

Front 9

Operant Conditioning

Back 9

the consequences of our actions shape our behavior (r-s)

Front 10

Reinforcement

Back 10

anything that increases likelihood of a behavior occurring again

Front 11

Punishment

Back 11

anything that decreases lielihood of a behavior occurring again.

Front 12

SHAPING --> how to teach a pigeon to bowl

Back 12

IDENTIFY the terminal response {describe the behavior that you want to train}

DETERMINE the baseline behavior {the organism's behavior before training}

REINFORCE successive approximations towards the terminal response {reward small, gradual steps towards the goal}

Front 13

Molecular View (learning)

Back 13

studies something by narrowing it down to its smalles parts (mouse learns only individual turns)

Front 14

Molar View (learning)

Back 14

bigger picture going on (mouse learns cognitive map of maze)

Front 15

What did Edward Toleman think about rats/learning?

Back 15

behavior has a purpose

he showed how rats form a cognitive map of their environment

Front 16

3 basic processes of memory

Back 16

1 - Encoding {forming memory code}

2 - Retention {storing information}

3 - Retrieval {recovering information from memory storage}

Front 17

Long term memory is organized by :

Back 17

category

characteristics

context

function

sensory associations

language

reproductive info

Front 18

Synesthesia

Back 18

a heritable condition in which stimulation of one sensory modality will cause unusual activation in a secondary unstimulated modality

occurrs between any 2 senses

Front 19

Qualifications of Synesthesia

Back 19

stable over time

individually different

remembered

Front 20

Types of Synesthetes

Back 20

associater - experiences the other sensation in their mind only

projector - experiences the other sensation in reality

Front 21

Declarative Memory

Back 21

explicit information that can be recalled and explained

Front 22

Precedural Memory

Back 22

implicit actons, skills that can't be explained (riding a bike)

Front 23

Semantic Memory

Back 23

General factual information (ex Lincoln gave Gettsyburg Address)

Front 24

Episodic Memory

Back 24

recollections of personal experiences (ex memory of first kiss :*)

Front 25

Repression

Back 25

painful memories are hidden in unconscious

Front 26

interferance

Back 26

memories block each other

- proactive when older memories block newer ones

- retroactive when new memories block older ones

Front 27

distortion

Back 27

memories change over time, can be manipulated

Front 28

Retrograde amnesia

Back 28

loss of previously stored memories

Front 29

Anterograde amnesisa

Back 29

inability to form new memories

Front 30

Consolodation process (memory)

Back 30

moving memories from short term to long term; to make solid

Front 31

What is intelligence?

Back 31

an overall capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and learn from experience

Front 32

IQ test first developed in ________ by __________ and ____________

Back 32

1905

ALFRED BINET

Theodore Simon

Front 33

Who says numbers don't tell the whole story? (Debbie/Robbie)

Back 33

JEAN PIAGET

Front 34

ROSENTHAL EFFECT

Back 34

tests can influence teacher perception and influence self-fulfilling prophecy

Front 35

3 aspects of intelligence (STERNBERG'S triarchic theory of intelligence)

Back 35

ANALYTICAL (ability to analyze, compare, evaluate)

CREATIVE (ability to create, invent, design)

PRACTICAL (ability to apply, utilize)

Front 36

GARDNER'S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

Back 36

linguistic - language skills

spatial - judging space / distance

musical - compose / perform

bodily-kinesthetic - movement

logical/mathematical - analytical, numbers

interpersonal - relating to others

intrapersonal - understanding self

Front 37

What is creativity?

Back 37

solving problems by thinking DIVERGENTLY (different than the standard) and EXPANSIVELY (willing/eager to look outside existing patterns)

Front 38

What are emotions ?

Back 38

psychological feelings accompanied physiological reactions

Front 39

PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS ACCOMPANING EMOTIONS

Back 39

increased heartrate

increased breathing rate

butterflies in stomach

dry mouth and throat

trembling and sweating

Front 40

System responsible for arousal response

Back 40

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Front 41

system responsible for relaxation response

Back 41

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Front 42

Common Sense Theory (emotion)

Back 42

emotion -----> arousal ------> behavior

Front 43

James - Lange Theory (emotion)

Back 43

behavior -----> arousal ------> emotion

Front 44

Schachter and Singer's Cognitive Theory (emotion)

Back 44

arousal + label = emotion and behavior

(man with gun = fear)

(bff = joy)

(lil bro = anger)

Front 45

Can emotions be maniuplated

Back 45

le duh

Front 46

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

Back 46

based on internal desires and enjoyment

Front 47

EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

Back 47

based on getting external reward