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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dogmatism
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The tendency for people to cling to their assumptions
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Empiricism
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To acquire knowledge by observing objects or events
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Hawthorne Effect
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When a participant does better because they are in a study and being observed
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Correlation
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Degree of which two variables vary in a systematic way
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Mediating Factor
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A third possible variable that can relate the two being tested to mimic causation
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Theory
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Formal statement of the relation among the relevant variables in a particular research area
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Generalization
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A general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases
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Hypothesis
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A specific and testable prediction that is usually derived from a theory
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Independent Variable
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Variable that is directly manipulated
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Dependent Variable
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Variable that is directly measured
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Validity
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Measures what it should be measuring
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Reliability
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The tendency for a measure to produce the same result whenever it measures the same thing
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Population
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All possible candidates for an experiment
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Sample
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Specific group chosen out of the population
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Neurons
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A specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses
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Action Potential
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"All or nothing" The neuron either fires or it doesn't
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Refractory Period
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Time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated
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Neurotransmitter
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A chemical that transmits the signal across the synapse
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Hindbrain
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Consists of Medulla, Cerebellum, and Pons
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Midbrain
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Consists of Tectum and Tegmentum
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Forebrain
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Consists of Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Hippocampus, and Amygdala
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Plasticity
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Neurons are shaped by learning and experiences help them do things more efficiently. EX: Lose arm, brain doesn't stop there
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Corpus Callosum
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A broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain.
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Mirror Neurons
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Neurons that respond both when you are doing the task and when you are watching someone else do the task
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Tabula Rasa
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Aristotle's idea that everybody begins life with a blank slate
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Dualism
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Idea the the body is governed by physical laws, but the mind possesses free will - Descartes
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Phrenology
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Different parts of the mind control different functions - Gall
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Just noticeable difference
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How big or small a difference has to be until it is noticed
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Structuralism
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The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind - Wundt
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Functionalism
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Study of the purpose that mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment - James
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Psychoanalysis
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Therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unvonsious material into consious awareness to better understand psychological disorder --> Freud --> Negative
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Humanistic Psychology
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Approach to human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of humans
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Operant Conditioning
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Punishment vs. Reward
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