Psychology Evidence

Front 1

Comer

Back 1

Bio psychosurgery, lobotomy had a 6% fatality rate + serious side effects

Front 2

Cosgrove and Rauch

Back 2

Capsulotomy effective in 67% of OCD patients.

Front 3

Yang and Raine

Back 3

Meta-analysis to find reduced prefrontal activity is linked to violence.

Front 4

James Fallon

Back 4

Had genetic and brain structures of a violent individual, but wasn’t one - suggested diathesis-stress where experiences trigger genetic predispositions.

Front 5

Martha Farah

Back 5

Less free will for criminals if treated with drugs.

Front 6

Cohen Kadosh

Back 6

Against TDCS as no licensing, but found improvements in problem-solving after use.

Front 7

Koubeissi

Back 7

Claustrum controls consciousness, epileptic women electrically stimulated.

Front 8

Cherek

Back 8

Treated aggression in males with SSRI antidepressant vs placebo, found reduction.

Front 9

Wilson

Back 9

Neuroscience takes away free will

Front 10

Nelson

Back 10

5% Incidental findings from brain scans, most unreported.

Front 11

Taylor

Back 11

Men “flight or fight”, women “tend and befriend”

Front 12

Solms

Back 12

Confirmed ego - rational part of brain turned off in REM, motivation and memory very active

Front 13

Toon

Back 13

False memory syndrome to make money

Front 14

Rutter

Back 14

Romanian orphanage, if adopted before 6 months more caught up on development.

Front 15

Frodi

Back 15

No difference in biological responses to babies crying in men and women.

Front 16

Harry Harlow

Back 16

Monkey experiment, comfort more important than food.

Front 17

Gettler

Back 17

Fathers testosterone drops to care for baby.

Front 18

Karl Popper

Back 18

Cannot falsify Freud

Front 19

B.F. Skinner

Back 19

Skinner box with rats pulling a lever.

Front 20

Miller

Back 20

Found no advantage to using aversion therapy against counselling for alcoholics.

Front 21

Smith

Back 21

Found aversion therapy better than counselling for smokers and alcoholics.

Front 22

Bancroft

Back 22

50% of patients drop out or refuse treatment of aversion therapy

Front 23

Badawy

Back 23

Drugs with alcohol to make sick, make feel calm if abstain.

Front 24

Billy Clegg-Hill

Back 24

Died after aversion therapy to cure homosexuality.

Front 25

O.H. Mower

Back 25

2 process theory of conditioning - classical conditioning leads to acquiring phobia, operant leads to reinforcing and making it persist.

Front 26

Seligman (not positive)

Back 26

Biological preparedness - fears may be ancient from evolution, e.g. snakes.

Front 27

Gill

Back 27

Conditioned children with pocket money, found 20% more chores done.

Front 28

LeFrancois

Back 28

Classical conditioning improves performance by increasing pleasant stimuli.

Front 29

McAllister

Back 29

Teacher conditioning lead to less inappropriate talking.

Front 30

Robinson

Back 30

Token economies improve performance in hyperactive children.

Front 31

Morris

Back 31

Naughty step leads to emotional effects.

Front 32

Lepper

Back 32

If offered reward to draw pictures, less motivated.

Front 33

Bricker

Back 33

Children may start smoking if peers do so.

Front 34

Wolpe

Back 34

Showed SD may not work for humans to cure phobias as may be due to different factors.

Front 35

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Back 35

Multi store memory model

Front 36

Jarrett

Back 36

Found CBT as effective as some antidepressants in 108 patients.

Front 37

Hollon

Back 37

Found CBT not as effective as antidepressants in 107 patients.

Front 38

Alloy

Back 38

Depressed people are sadder but wiser.

Front 39

Cahill and McGaugh

Back 39

Adrenaline enhances memory storage.

Front 40

Pozzulo and Lindsay

Back 40

Showed children aged 5-13 more likely to make choice in target-absent lineup.

Front 41

Yarmey

Back 41

240 students shown unknown males to group them into food and bad guys and found agreement, so schemas affect memory.

Front 42

Davies

Back 42

Children less likely to lie as EWT

Front 43

Teasdale

Back 43

Found MBCT affective in recurring depressed patients.

Front 44

Reibel

Back 44

Found MBSR effective in hospital patients.

Front 45

Mantzios and Giannou

Back 45

Mindfulness in groups lost more weight and were more social than individually.

Front 46

Ruedy and Schweitzer

Back 46

Mindful people less likely to cheat on tasks.

Front 47

Lee

Back 47

Married people 39% happy, unmarried 24%

Front 48

Inglehart

Back 48

People in Portugal 10% happy, Netherlands 40%

Front 49

Gallup

Back 49

Spiritual commitment means twice as happy.

Front 50

Schinka

Back 50

Happiness linked to serotonin.

Front 51

LeFevre

Back 51

Work flow hypothesis

Front 52

Kubzansky and Thurston

Back 52

6000 people followed to find if high emotional vitality means less risk of coronary heart disease.