Psychology Day 1

Front 1

Psychoanalysis

Back 1

[FREUD]
1) forbidden desire
2) key to behavior
3) mostly aggression/sexual desire
4) feeling of conflict/wishes

Techs: hypnosis, dream analysis, free association, talking

Front 2

Behaviorism

Back 2

[EDWARD THORNDIKE ->POP. BF SKINNER]
1) environment most important
2)behavior = reward/punishment
3) behavior = response to stimulus

Techs: aversion, pain, pleasure conditioning

Front 3

Psychobiology

Back 3

[PAUL BROCA]
1) study of mind, structure of brain, chemicals associated with brain
2) how it affects behavior/emotions

Techs: meds, psycho surgery, talk therapy, nutrition, exercise

Front 4

Evolutionary

Back 4

[HELEN FISHER, DAVID BUSH]
1) how evo. influences behavior
2) behavioral advantageous for survival
3) male and female differences in behavior

Front 5

Humanist

Back 5

[CARL ROGERS, A. MASLOW]
1) Man = good
2) strives for self-improvement
3) more control than they think
4) need love, acceptance, approval

Techs: eclectic

Front 6

Cognitive

Back 6

1) computer brain
2) can be reprogrammed

Techs: affirmation, talk therapy, self talk, visualization

Front 7

Socio-cultural

Back 7

prducts of different age, death, environment, respect, coming of age, cultural

Front 8

Behavioral Genetics

Back 8

difference in natural selection, gene, intelligence, aggression, mood, personality

Front 9

Social Learning

Back 9

[ALBERT BANDURA]
-aggression/violence is learned behavior, people (esp. children) learn by modeling and observing what they see
-individuals learn thru media, TV, family, admired people. can be + or -

Front 10

Plato

Back 10

Nature of the mind (heart)

Front 11

Galileo

Back 11

Mechanism

Front 12

Descartes

Back 12

body and parts of mind as machine

Front 13

Broca

Back 13

psychobiology, clinical autopsy, examine brains

Front 14

Wundt

Back 14

Founder of psychology as science along with William James, lab in germany

Front 15

G Stanley Hall

Back 15

1st American with PhD in psychology, opened lab in John Hopkins (Maryland)

Front 16

Structralism

Back 16

main goal; cognitive reactions, sensation, perception, memory; 1st psychological research lab

Front 17

Dewey

Back 17

Focus on environment, influenced Darwin, mental processes evolve and adapt. Functionalistm (structuralism + environmental factors)

Front 18

Controversy in Psychology

Back 18

dispute heredity vs environment, or environment vs heredity in learning behavior/ mental process.

Front 19

2 Forms of Psychology

Back 19

applied - real world problems, talking
basic - research in labs

Front 20

2 ideas to consider

Back 20

overconfidence,
critical thinking - objectively evaluate, compare, analyze, and synthesize info

Front 21

Psychoanalysis

Back 21

1) based on theor of unconscious
2) governed largel based on innate biological drives
3) human drives are referred to as instincts
4) inborn impulses or forces rule our personality. instincts shape/mold behavior

Front 22

Levels of the mind

Back 22

1) conscious - ones awareness at anytime
2) preconscious/subconscious - aspects of thoughts just under surface, defense mech
3) unconscious - pain/emotional trauma. life exp. we don't want t remember

Front 23

Freudian way of talking to unconscious

Back 23

1) free association - saying whatever comes to mind
2) dreams
3) hyponsis

Front 24

Types of instinct

Back 24

1) libido (sex)
2) death instinct (in, out)

Front 25

Freudian principles that form personality

Back 25

1) ID - pleasure principle, no mortals/vales/ethics/obligations, most primitive, ignores reality
2) Super Ego - idealistic principe, conscience/guilt/shame/empathy/compassion, part that DEVELOPS from reward/punishment, critical of thoughts + actions of ego.
3) Ego - reality principe, start age 1, center of organization/integration, balances id and superego, adaptable to change, resolves conflict, rational and realisitic, holds defensive mech

Front 26

Attachment disorder

Back 26

when one can't bond, trust, love (void of emotion)

(undeveloped superego)

Front 27

Disassociate disorder

Back 27

when one steps away from trauma (undeveloped ego)

Front 28

psychology

Back 28

scienitific study of behavior and mental processes, uses empirical evidence to evaluate and conclude findings

Front 29

Neuron

Back 29

Cell specialized to receive and transmit information to other cells in the body, also called a nerve cell.

Front 30

Cell Body

Back 30

Cell-like support center; contains the nucleus

Front 31

Dendrite

Back 31

Branched fiber that extends outward from the main cell body and carries information to the neuron.

Front 32

Axon

Back 32

An extended fiber that conducts information from the soma to the terminal buttons in a nerve cell.

Front 33

Myelin sheath

Back 33

corner axon; helps information travel quickly

Front 34

Action Potential

Back 34

The nerve impulse caused by a change in the electrical charge across the cell membrane of the axon. When the neuron “fires,” this charge travels down the axon and causes neurotransmitters to be released by the terminal buttons.

Front 35

Synapse

Back 35

area of all out-going messages

Front 36

Synaptic gap

Back 36

holds all neurotransmitters

Front 37

Synaptic vesicles

Back 37

small “container” holding neurotransmitter molecules that connects to the presynaptic membrane, releasing the neurotransmitter into the synapse
Neurotransmitters – chemical messengers that relay neural messages across the synapse; they are also hormones.

Front 38

Reuptake area

Back 38

area of the synapse that takes in the left-over neurotransmitters

Front 39

Synaptic release buttons

Back 39

area at the end of the synapse that releases the neurotransmitters

Front 40

Dendrite receiver

Back 40

receives the neurotransmitters

Front 41

Serotonin

Back 41

regulates sleep and dreaming, mood, pain, aggression, appetite, and sexual behavior.
Triggered by: carbohydrates
Lack of: Depression

Front 42

Dopamine

Back 42

produces sensations of pleasure and reward, used by CNS neurons involved in voluntary movement.
Lack of: parkinson’s disease
Too much: psyschosis and paranoia
Blood/brain barrier: L-Dopa

Front 43

GABA

Back 43

stops anxiety; prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the neurons of the CNS

Front 44

Endorphins

Back 44

pleasurable sensations and control of pain, morphine-like feeling (produced in the brain’s pituitary gland)

Front 45

Acetylcholine

Back 45

primary neurotransmitter; important in memory, learning, and excitement.
Lack of: Alzheimer’s disease

Front 46

Norpinephine

Back 46

affects learning, stress, dreaming, emotion. Used in neurons in automatic nervous system and by neurons sin every region of brain
Lack of: depression

Front 47

Frontal Lobe

Back 47

cortical regions at the front of the brain that are especially involve movement and thinking

Front 48

Temporal Lobe

Back 48

cortical lobes that process sounds, including speech. Temporal lobes are probably involved in storing long-term memories, hearing information and sound, memory, emotion, and olfactory processes.

Front 49

Occipital Lobe

Back 49

cortical regions at the back of the brain, housing the visual cortex, involves the visual areas.

Front 50

Parietal lobe

Back 50

cortical areas lying toward the back and top of the brain; involved in the touch sensation and in perceiving spatial relationships (relationships of objects in space). Involves the visual, auditory, taste, body image, awareness, and movement.

Front 51

Motor Cortex

Back 51

a narrow vertical strip of cortex in the frontal lobes, lying just in front of the central fissure; controls voluntary movement.

Front 52

Sensory Cortex

Back 52

controls body sensation, front area of parietal, thin strips.

Front 53

Glial cells

Back 53

“glue cells,” protects neurons